Objectives When you have completed this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define a congenital disorder. 2. Understand the birth prevalence and population prevalence of congenital disorders. 3. List the causes of congenital disorders. 4. Understand chromosomal inheritance. 5. Understand the inheritance of single genes. 6. Define a multifactorial congenital disorder. 7. Define a teratogen and know their dangers. 8. List different types of structural congenital disorders

Learning objectives At the end of the chapter, the student is expected to: 1. Major groups of pathogenic bacteria 2. Mechanism by which antibodies inhibit the growth of bacteria 3. Mode of action of virus infection and the body’s response 4. Spectrum of infections caused by fungi and common parasitic infestations and how they are acquired

Learning objectives Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Explain how fluid balance is maintained across the arteriolar & venular end of the vasculature by Starling forces 2. Know the pathologic conditions occurring when the balance between the above forces is disrupted across the vascular wall under different conditions, i.e., edema 3. Understand and explain the cause and pathogenesis of clinical conditions like myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, etc.…. 4. Know the pathogenesis of edema of congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, and other clinical conditions 5. Have the basic knowledge about various types of shock, their pathogenesis, manifestations, and complications

Get a copy of full notes on INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH RECORDS MANAGEMENT. INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH RECORDS MANAGEMENT Definition of Health Records A health record is a systematic collection of information about a patient's health status and healthcare services received over time. It contains demographic, medical, legal, financial, and administrative information used in patient care and health management. The health record may exist in: Paper format (Manual Health Records) Electronic format (Electronic Health Records - EHR) Hybrid format (Combination of paper and electronic)

Learning objectives: At the end of this chapter, students are expected to: 1. Differentiate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic ones. 2. Contrast benign from malignant tumors. 3. Describe methods and mechanisms of metastasis. 4. List the etiologic factors in carcinogenesis. 5. Understand clinical effects of neoplasms 6. Know the diagnostic modalities for cancers

Grab full notes on HUMAN PATHOLOGY. Introduction to Pathology Learning Objectives Upon completing this chapter students should be able to: 1. Define pathology 2. Discuss the core aspects of disease in pathology 3. Know the diagnostic techniques used in pathology 4. Know the various categories of the causes of diseases 5. Know the course, outcome, consequences of diseases The core aspects of diseases in pathology Pathology is the study of disease by scientific methods. The word pathology came from the Latin words “patho” & “logy”. ‘Patho’ means disease and ‘logy’ means study, therefore pathology is a scientific study of disease. Diseases may, in turn, be defined as an abnormal variation in structure or function of any part of the body. Pathology gives explanations of a disease by studying the following four aspects of the disease.

Introduction of the Unit of Learning / Unit of Competency Medical records form an important part of a patient management. It is important for the doctor and medical establishment to properly maintain the records of the patient for two important reasons. First one is that it helps in proper evaluation of the patient and to plan treatment protocol This unit standard specifies the competencies required to manage health records. It involve: developing records management systems, monitoring medical records, maintaining medical records, storing medical records and disposing medical records

ALS Advance Life Support, amyotrophic lateralsclerosis ALT alanine amino-transaminase, Argon lasertrabeculoplasty A.M before noon A-Mask aerosol mask AM against medical advice, American Medical Association amb ambulatory amb care ambulatory care AMI acute myocardial infarction Amino amniocentesis AML acute myelogenous leukemia amp ampule amt amount ANA antinuclear antibody ANC Absolute neutrophil count AND anterior nasal drainage ANE Anesthesiology anes Anesthesia ank. ankle ANLL acute non-lymphocytic leukemia ant anterior ante before Ant Seg anterior segment

INTRODUCTION In Kenya and across Africa, the filing of medical records is an important part of health care. It involves recording and storing patient information in a secure, confidential manner. This includes patient histories, diagnoses, treatments, medications, laboratory results, and other pertinent information. Filing of medical records enables quick access to patient information when it is needed and helps to ensure continuity of care across health professionals

These HND Family Medicine Specialist Revision Papers are designed to help students preparing for examinations in Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Family Health Medicine Specialization. The questions are structured to test understanding of key concepts in family medicine, primary health care, clinical reasoning, preventive medicine, and community health practice. This resource is ideal for: Clinical Medicine students (HND level) Family Health Medicine trainees Medical revision and exam preparation

CONTEXTUALIZING CARE IN FAMILY MEDICINE – HND FAMILY MEDICINE SPECIALIST (Higher National Diploma – Clinical Medicine and Surgery | Family Health Medicine Specialist Notes) Introduction Contextualizing care in Family Medicine refers to the process of delivering healthcare that is tailored to the patient’s personal, family, social, cultural, and community environment. In the Higher National Diploma (HND) in Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Family Health Medicine Specialist track, this concept is central to achieving holistic, patient-centred, and continuous care. Family medicine does not focus only on treating diseases but also on understanding the context in which illness occurs, ensuring that management plans are realistic, acceptable, and sustainable for the patient and their family.

Higher Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Family Health Medicine Specialist Notes: Introduction to Family Medicine Build a strong foundation in Family Medicine with the Higher Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Family Health Medicine Specialist: Introduction to Family Medicine Notes (Revised Edition). These comprehensive, professionally organized notes are designed for Higher Diploma students, clinical officers, medical educators, and healthcare professionals seeking an in-depth understanding of family medicine principles. The resource covers the philosophy of family medicine, the role of the family physician, patient-centred care, continuity of care, comprehensive healthcare, preventive medicine, community-oriented primary care, health promotion, disease prevention, communication skills, ethics, and evidence-based clinical practice. Developed in line with current medical training standards, these notes provide clear explanations, practical clinical examples, and examination-focused content to support academic excellence, clinical competency, and professional practice.

HND FAMILY HEALTH MEDICINE FQ REVISION PAPERS 2026 WITH ANSWERS SUBJECTS: CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT, FUNDERMENTAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF FAMILY MEDICINE These HND Family Medicine Revision Papers 2026 with Answers are structured to support students in mastering key areas of Family Health Medicine, Chronic Disease Management, and Primary Health Care (PHC). The questions are designed to test clinical knowledge, critical thinking, and application of family medicine principles in real-life healthcare settings.

The Principles of Family Medicine form the foundation of holistic, continuous, and patient-centred healthcare delivery in the Higher National Diploma (HND) in Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Family Health Medicine Specialist training. These principles guide healthcare providers in managing patients across all ages, diseases, and healthcare settings while focusing on prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Family medicine emphasizes the person rather than the disease, integrating biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors in clinical decision-making.

KMTC Medical Case Study Sample – Nursing and Clinical Practice Guide: Access a well-structured KMTC Medical Case Study Sample designed for nursing students and healthcare trainees to improve clinical reasoning, patient assessment, and care planning skills. This comprehensive case study includes patient history, presenting complaints, physical examination findings, investigations, diagnosis, treatment plan, and nursing care management. Ideal for KMTC exam preparation, clinical attachments, and revision, it helps learners understand real-life medical scenarios and apply evidence-based nursing practices effectively.

Health Data Classification refers to the process of organizing health-related information into categories based on type, sensitivity, and purpose. This helps in proper storage, security, analysis, and decision-making.

Grab a full copy of Health Information System (HIS) notes for your studies .

The document is a psychology examination paper that includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay prompts covering various psychological concepts and theories. Topics addressed include definitions of psychology, theories of motivation, developmental stages, reinforcement types, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The exam assesses students' understanding of fundamental psychological principles and their ability to apply this knowledge in different contexts.

Community is a group of people living in the same place and sharing the same culture and beliefs. Community nutrition is the process of helping individuals and groups to develop healthy eating habits in order to promote wellness and prevent disease Health refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of disease.

The document outlines the community health strategy in Kenya, emphasizing the importance of community health units, volunteers, and assistants in delivering essential health services. It identifies challenges such as low motivation, inadequate workforce, and insufficient funding, while also detailing strategic objectives to strengthen community health governance and service delivery. Additionally, it discusses the significance of primary healthcare, social mobilization, and advocacy in improving health outcomes and community engagement.