Sickle cell disease (SCD) • A group of hereditary disorders in which the normal adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A) is partly or completely replaced by abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HgbS). • The most common genetic hematologic condition in children • Transmitted by autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. • Patient with this condition is homozygous for the sickle cell gene, i.e. both genes are abnormal. • The basic defect responsible for the sickling of erythrocytes is contained in the globin fraction of hemoglobin • The mode of transmission is hereditary • The gene that determines the production of HgbS is situated on an autosome.

Indications For ECG Monitoring Indicated for:- • To monitor a patient’s heart rate and rhythm • Evaluate the effects of disease or injury on heart function • Evaluate pacemaker function • Evaluate the response to medications • Obtain a baseline recording before, during, and after a medical procedure

Cardiomyopathy Definition This is a disease of the heart muscle: - Cardio (heart),Myo (muscle), and Pathy (pathology) the myocardial heart muscle is affected. Cardiomyopathies are categorized as (extrinsic)- caused by external factors such as hypertension, ischemia, inflammation,\ and valvular dysfunction or as (intrinsic ) corresponding to myocardial diseases without identifiable external causes . Cardiomyopathy may be primary or secondary

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The document contains 23 multiple choice nursing questions about HIV/AIDS. Some key topics covered include standard precautions, confidentiality, condom use, HIV testing recommendations, AIDS dementia care, HIV transmission, antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections, and metabolic side effects of antiretroviral treatment.

The document contains questions and answers about HIV/AIDS. It addresses topics like: - Which cells HIV attacks (CD4 positive cells) - How HIV is transmitted (not through sweat) - The role of helper T cells (they don't kill invaders) - The anatomy and lifecycle of HIV - HIV testing methods and window periods - Opportunistic infections associated with AIDS - CD4 counts and disease progression - Post-exposure prophylaxis and prevention of mother-to-child transmission - Classes of antiretroviral medications and their mechanisms of action

This document contains 22 multiple choice questions about HIV/AIDS for a nursing review quiz. It covers topics like which cells HIV attacks, how HIV is transmitted, the stages of HIV infection including acute and chronic stages, opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, CD4 counts, and the lifecycle of HIV.

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