3 elements ensures adequate tissue perfusion 1. Functioning pump (myocardial contractility) 2. Rate of Myocardial contraction 3. Adequate volume of blood (preload) 4. Normal vascular tone, SVR (Afterload) • In order for adequate tissue perfusion to occur, cardiac output must be sufficient to deliver nutrient- and oxygen rich blood to the tissues.

These are therapies aimed at preventing, alleviating the underlying cause or treating the hematological disorder • They include 1. Nutritional therapy: meal management to ensure rich sources of iron, vitamin K, vitamin B9. 2. Supplements: administration of folate, iron sulfate. 3. Treatment of underlying cause: antimalarial, deworming, ulcer treatment

The (AVN) Atrial Ventricular Node is a group of specialized cells located in the lower part of the right atrium above the tricuspid valve base. Its function is to Delay, Relay and Filter impulses as they pass through the Ventricles. The nodal cells have pacemaker properties and can pace the heart at a rate of 40-60b/min. Rhythms coming from the AV junction are called .Junctional dysrhythmias. The electrical impulse must travel backward ( Retrograde) to activate the atria.

Heart Surgery- A surgery in which the chest wall is surgically opened and heart is exposed. Surgery can be performed on the heart muscles, valves and the great arteries. This can be done through open, or closed heart surgery

The purpose of this kmtc module or unit is to equip the trainee or student with knowledge and skills to enable him or her understand the concepts of communication skills in health as a whole

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The document contains questions and answers about HIV/AIDS. It addresses topics like: - Which cells HIV attacks (CD4 positive cells) - How HIV is transmitted (not through sweat) - The role of helper T cells (they don't kill invaders) - The anatomy and lifecycle of HIV - HIV testing methods and window periods - Opportunistic infections associated with AIDS - CD4 counts and disease progression - Post-exposure prophylaxis and prevention of mother-to-child transmission - Classes of antiretroviral medications and their mechanisms of action

This document contains 22 multiple choice questions about HIV/AIDS for a nursing review quiz. It covers topics like which cells HIV attacks, how HIV is transmitted, the stages of HIV infection including acute and chronic stages, opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, CD4 counts, and the lifecycle of HIV.

The document contains 23 multiple choice nursing questions about HIV/AIDS. Some key topics covered include standard precautions, confidentiality, condom use, HIV testing recommendations, AIDS dementia care, HIV transmission, antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections, and metabolic side effects of antiretroviral treatment.