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KMTC Resources
Introduction to ECG (Basic Electrocardiogram)
Indications For ECG Monitoring
Indicated for:-
• To monitor a patient’s heart rate and rhythm
• Evaluate the effects of disease or injury on heart function
• Evaluate pacemaker function
• Evaluate the response to medications
• Obtain a baseline recording before, during, and after a medical procedure
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Introduction to ECG(Electrophysiology)
The electrocardiogram is the graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart
• It records the electrical activity of atrial ventricular cells in form of specific waveforms and complexes.
• The first ECG was introduced by Willem Einthoven, a Dutch physiologist, in the early 1900s
• ECG is an important diagnostic method in cardiac conditions.
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Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
This is a disease of the heart muscle: -
Cardio (heart),Myo (muscle), and Pathy (pathology) the myocardial
heart muscle is affected.
Cardiomyopathies are categorized as (extrinsic)- caused by external
factors such as hypertension, ischemia, inflammation,\ and valvular
dysfunction or as (intrinsic ) corresponding to myocardial diseases
without identifiable external causes .
Cardiomyopathy may be primary or secondary
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Atrial Rhythms
Atria are the superficial chambers of the heart
• Right atrium receive blood from systemic circulation through inferior and superior vena cava
• Left atria receive from pulmonary circulation (lungs) through pulmonary veins
• Atrial kick: Contraction of atria to push the remaining blood into the ventricles. 70% of the blood flow passively into the ventricles.
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Circulatory Shock
3 elements ensures adequate tissue perfusion
1. Functioning pump (myocardial contractility)
2. Rate of Myocardial contraction
3. Adequate volume of blood (preload)
4. Normal vascular tone, SVR (Afterload)
• In order for adequate tissue perfusion to occur, cardiac output must be sufficient to deliver nutrient- and oxygen rich blood to the tissues.
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Treatment modalities for hematological disorders
These are therapies aimed at preventing, alleviating the underlying cause or treating the hematological disorder
• They include
1. Nutritional therapy: meal management to ensure rich sources of iron, vitamin K, vitamin B9.
2. Supplements: administration of folate, iron sulfate.
3. Treatment of underlying cause: antimalarial, deworming, ulcer treatment
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Junctional Rhythms ( Electrophysiology)
The (AVN) Atrial Ventricular Node is a group of specialized cells located in the lower part of the right atrium above the tricuspid valve base. Its function is to Delay, Relay and Filter impulses as they pass through the Ventricles.
The nodal cells have pacemaker properties and can pace the heart at a rate of 40-60b/min. Rhythms coming from the AV junction are called .Junctional dysrhythmias. The electrical impulse must travel backward
( Retrograde) to activate the atria.
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Heart Surgery
Heart Surgery- A surgery in which the chest wall
is surgically opened and heart is exposed.
Surgery can be performed on the heart
muscles, valves and the great arteries. This can
be done through open, or closed heart surgery
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PAST PAPERS FOR DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING
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KMTC COMMUNICATION SKILLS
The purpose of this kmtc module or unit is to equip the trainee or student with knowledge and skills to enable him or her understand the concepts of communication skills in health as a whole
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PAST PAPERS FOR DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY FROM 2019-2022
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DIPLOMA IN CLINICAL MEDICINE PAST PAPER WITH ANSWERS
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PAST PAPERS FOR DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
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DIPLOMA IN CLINICAL MEDICINE PAST PAPER ON COMMUNICATION SKILLS
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KMTC HIV/AIDS PAST PAPERS
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KMTC PAST PAPER ON MICROBIOLOGY
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KMTC HEALTH PROMOTION PAST PAPERS
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KMTC PAST PAPER ON FIRST AID
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KMTC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PAST PAPER
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KMTC PAPER IN PHYSIOLOGY
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