This unit concentrates on the nutritional requirements in the lifecycle, starting from foetal life to the elderly. It consists of nine chapters. In the first chapter, we give a background of the lifecycle and intergenerational nature of nutrition, and revisit the food pyramid. The other chapters cover the specific age groups or stages in life.

Health information System Is a comprehensive and integrated structure that collects, collates, analyses, evaluates,stores, disseminates, health and health related data and information for use by all.

This document provides an overview of a module on community health system management. The 50-hour, 5-credit module aims to demonstrate an understanding of the Kenyan health system. It covers concepts in health systems and building blocks, the healthcare system in Kenya, and health and development strategies. The module contains 4 units that cover these topics through both theory and practical lessons. Key concepts covered include components and frameworks of health systems, building blocks like service delivery and financing, and the Kenyan system in relation to its constitution and strategic plans.

Virology is a field within microbiology that encompasses the study of viruses. Medicalvirology deals with the study of medically important viruses and the diseases they cause ortheir effect on human beings. Viruses are particles consisting of protein and nucleic acid (anRNA or DNA genome). Lack both cellular structure and independent metabolic processes.They replicate solely by exploiting living cells based on the information in the viral genome.

A classification of diseases can be defined as a system of categories to which morbid entities are assigned according to established criteria. Classification is the use of police procedure to categories fact which stored for accessible use.

Medical terminology refers to the study of words used to communicate facts and ideas particular to medicine concerning the origin,construction the past and present usage and the meaning of such word. It can further be defined as a specialized language and a means of communication between and amongst health professionals.

Grab yourself PAST PAPERS ON PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH PROMOTION & MONITORING & EVALUATION IN THE COMMUNTY to ease your revision as you prepare for your exams.

The purpose is to provide trainees with knowledge, skills, and attitudes in health service management. The expected learning outcomes are for trainees to understand key concepts like management principles and functions, human resource management, health care delivery systems, and health policy and planning.

This document contains a summary of a community health nursing exam with multiple choice questions covering various topics in community health and public health nursing.

The document provides a sample exam for community health nursing that covers topics like epidemiology, vital statistics, and health education. It includes multiple choice questions testing knowledge of investigating disease outbreaks, calculating health statistics, and understanding leading causes of mortality. The exam also addresses functions of nurses in epidemiology like surveillance, case finding, and properly reporting data.

3 elements ensures adequate tissue perfusion 1. Functioning pump (myocardial contractility) 2. Rate of Myocardial contraction 3. Adequate volume of blood (preload) 4. Normal vascular tone, SVR (Afterload) • In order for adequate tissue perfusion to occur, cardiac output must be sufficient to deliver nutrient- and oxygen rich blood to the tissues.

History taking 1. Nutrition: feeding habits; typical meal – to determine deficiencies 2. use of prescription and over-the-counter medications: most hematological conditions can result from herbs, or certain medications. 3. Prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy

Disorders of hemostasis – hypercoagulability states Disorders occurring due to imbalance between procoagulants and anticoagulants. Pro-coagulant factors: Platelets clotting factors Ca2 PLUS molecules released by damaged tissues Anticoagulant factors Protein C Plasmin Antithrombin III

Outline 1. Review the role of valves in cardiac cycle 2. Define valvular heart disease 3. Identify types of VHD 4. Explain the assessment and diagnostic tests 5. Describe the management of patient with VHD

The ventricles (purkinje fibres) may assume the function of pacing the heart, they pace at a slower rate 20-40b/min which cannot sustain the body's perfusion requirements. Rhythms originating from the ventricles are called ventricular arrhythmias because they originate in the ventricles. Ventricular arrhythmias occur when:- a) The SAN fails to initiate an impulse b) The AVN does not pick to pace c) There is an irritable foci in the ventricular muscle

A group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow and lymphatic system. • Characterized by an unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells in the blood-forming tissues of the body. • Classified as malignant because the leukemic cells demonstrate the neoplastic properties of solid cancers.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) • A group of hereditary disorders in which the normal adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A) is partly or completely replaced by abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HgbS). • The most common genetic hematologic condition in children • Transmitted by autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. • Patient with this condition is homozygous for the sickle cell gene, i.e. both genes are abnormal. • The basic defect responsible for the sickling of erythrocytes is contained in the globin fraction of hemoglobin • The mode of transmission is hereditary • The gene that determines the production of HgbS is situated on an autosome.

A leukocyte and the most numerous of the white blood cells, accounting for 50–70% of the WBC population. • Range 1,500 to 8,000/mm3 • Are about twice as large as erythrocytes. • Also called polymorphonuclear neutrophils • Chemically attracted to sites of inflammation and are active phagocytes

These are therapies aimed at preventing, alleviating the underlying cause or treating the hematological disorder • They include 1. Nutritional therapy: meal management to ensure rich sources of iron, vitamin K, vitamin B9. 2. Supplements: administration of folate, iron sulfate. 3. Treatment of underlying cause: antimalarial, deworming, ulcer treatment

It is a condition of combine platelet and coagulation factor disorder. • It is characterized by widespread coagulation and bleeding in the vascular compartment. • DIC occurs secondary to inappropriate systemic activation of normal clotting mechanisms. • It is associated with underlying disease manifested as uncontrolled activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis.