The skin is the largest organ of the body:-SA 1.8m2, 16% of body wt. Has 3 main layers- epidermis, dermis, subcutis EPIDERMIS Is a stratified squamous epithelium thickest at soles and thinnest at glans penis. Is a protective layer Has 4 layers

The skin is composed of 3 layers Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue/hypodermis Epidermis has four layers from the innermost to outermost they are stratum germinativum/basali, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum and stratum corneum. Dermis has two layers papillary and reticular it is also made up of blood and lymph vessels, nerves, sweat and sebaceous glands. Subcutaneous tissue/hypodermis its primarily adipose tissue

Disorders of the biliary tract affects significant portion of the world’s population. Less than 95% of biliary tract disease is due to cholelithiasis (gallstone) Bile is secreted by liver and in between meals, it is stored in gall bladder

The purpose of this unit or module is to equip the trainee or student with knowledge and skills to enable him or her understand the concepts entrepreneurship and apply the entrepreneural skills in any organization

The purpose of this unit or module is to equip the student or trainee with knowledge and skills to enable him or her understand the concepts of community health in their local regions deeply

An Inotrope is an agent which increases or decreases the force of muscular contraction of the heart and Cardiac output. Inotropes act on the alpha, beta1 and beta2 receptors. Physiologically: a. Alpha receptors causes peripheral vasoconstriction and increased vascular resistance

Hemorrhage from the nose Attributed to rupture of distended tiny blood vessels in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity Commonly occur at the anterior nasal septum, where 3 blood vessels meet at the nasal cavity; Anterior ethmoidal artery on the anterosuperior of the roof Sphenopalatine artery in the posterosuperior region Internal maxillary branches Causes: Trauma Infections Inhalation of illicit drugs Cardiovascular diseases Nasal tumors Low humidity Foreign body in the nose

Principles of epidemiology: Definitions of terms, purpose of epidemiology, differences between epidemiological and clinical focus, sources of epidemiological information, mortality and morbidity statistics, epidemiological concepts, epidemiological studies. 2. Communicable diseases: Definition, standard case definition, classification, principles in management, prevention and control, notification and reporting of emerging and re-emerging infections, infestations, specific communicable diseases.

The purpose of this kmtc module or unit is to equip the trainee or student with knowledge and skills to enable him or her understand the concepts of communication skills in health as a whole

The purpose of this unit or module course guidelines is to equip the trainee or student with knowledge and skills to enable him or her know which unit or subject is being covered under certificate or diploma course

This is the original data collected for a specific purpose by or for an investigator. For example, an epidemiologist may collect primary data by interviewing people who became ill after eating at a restaurant in order to identify which specific foods were consumed. Collecting primary data is expensive and time consuming, and it usually is undertaken only when secondary data is not available

Heart failure is defined as the pathophysiologic state in which impaired cardiac function is unable to maintain an adequate circulation for the metabolic needs of the tissues of the body. • It may be acute or chronic. • The term congestive heart failure (CHF) is used for the chronic form of heart failure in which the patient has evidence of congestion of peripheral circulation and of lungs.

A condition in which; • The lungs have become permanently altered . • The airways in the lungs are constantly narrowed. • Chronic inflammation creates difficulty breathing

Financial management is defined as a series of activities designed to allocate resources and plan for the efficient operation of an organization. The overall goal of financial management is to meet the total financial needs of an organization. A major component of financial management is budgeting

Birth Asphyxia-defined as the inability to initiate respiration WHO defined birth asphyxia as failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth and based on APGAR Score, as an APGAR Score of 7 at 1 minute

Anatomy of the pelvis and fetal skull should be understood in the context of what happens during labour

Normal labour: defined as regular painful uterine contractions which becomes progressively stronger and more frequent accompanied by the effacement and progressive dilatation of the cervix and the descent of the presenting part of the fetus. The labor is divided into 3 stages. The mechanism of labour is explained by the change in the position and the attitude of the fetus, as the fetus initiates its way through the pelvis (birth canal). Mechanism includes: 1) Engagement 2) Descent 3) Flexion 4) Internal rotation 5) Extension 6) Restitution 7) External rotation

Is one of the most frequently maternal morbility and mortality. Black women's are 3 time as likely to die from preeclampsia as white women Remains among the most significant and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics. Majority of preeclampsia in nulliparous patients (2 to 5 %) Increased mortality risk in older gravidas Increased risk in first pregnancy with new partner Preeclampsia is a leading cause of direct maternal mortality

DISEASES OF ARTERIES 1. Anatomy of blood vessels 2. Arteriosclerosis 3. Atherosclerosis 4. Aneurysms 5. Vasculitis

HELMINTHIC INFECTION 1 NEMATODES (ROUND WORMS) 2 CESTODES (TAPE WORMS) 3 TREMATODES (FLUKES)