Anatomy of the pelvis and fetal skull should be understood in the context of what happens during labour

Normal labour: defined as regular painful uterine contractions which becomes progressively stronger and more frequent accompanied by the effacement and progressive dilatation of the cervix and the descent of the presenting part of the fetus. The labor is divided into 3 stages. The mechanism of labour is explained by the change in the position and the attitude of the fetus, as the fetus initiates its way through the pelvis (birth canal). Mechanism includes: 1) Engagement 2) Descent 3) Flexion 4) Internal rotation 5) Extension 6) Restitution 7) External rotation

Is one of the most frequently maternal morbility and mortality. Black women's are 3 time as likely to die from preeclampsia as white women Remains among the most significant and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics. Majority of preeclampsia in nulliparous patients (2 to 5 %) Increased mortality risk in older gravidas Increased risk in first pregnancy with new partner Preeclampsia is a leading cause of direct maternal mortality

DISEASES OF ARTERIES 1. Anatomy of blood vessels 2. Arteriosclerosis 3. Atherosclerosis 4. Aneurysms 5. Vasculitis

HELMINTHIC INFECTION 1 NEMATODES (ROUND WORMS) 2 CESTODES (TAPE WORMS) 3 TREMATODES (FLUKES)

It is synonymous with the PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH that directs the nurse and the client to determine the need for nursing care, to plan and implement the care and evaluate the result.

Omphalocele is a congenital defect of the periumbilical abdominal wall in which the coelomic cavity is covered only by peritoneum and amnion (membrane covering). There are two kinds of omphalocele: fetal and embryonic.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperosmolar state (NKHS) are acute complications of diabetes. DKA is seen primarily in individuals with type 1 DM, and NKHS is seen in individuals with type 2 DM.Both disorders are associated with absolute or relative insulin deficiency, volume depletion, and altered mental status.

Malaria is an infection caused by the protozoa called plasmodia through the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito and is characterized by on and off fever, chills, sweating, joint pain, backache, headache, enlargement of the spleen (splenomegally), and repeated attacks.

Particulars –name, age, gender, sex, address, religion, name of parents, telephone number, date, time, weight percentile and who is giving history.

Femoral neck fractures most commonly occur after falls. Factors that increase the risk of injuries are related to conditions that increase the probability of falls and those that decrease the intrinsic ability of the person to withstand the trauma.

HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM DEFINATION: THERE ARE MANY DEFINATIONS OF HIS 1. Health information has been defined as, information about people’s health and how the community, government and non-government organizations use the information to plan and provide health care services 2. Health care information describes the incidence, prevalence and cause of major diseases. It also tells us about the availability and effectiveness of curative services. e.g. the hospital activity analysis can tell us how effective curative services are by looking at the average length of stay and the status of the patient when being discharged 3. It refers to organized and interpreted data about health status, resources, activities and events as related to health. 4. H.I.S is also being defined as a system that collects and represents health information that is responsible for the creation and maintenance of a data base.

The thyroid gland secretes three main hormones: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin.

Most individuals possess four parathyroid glands situated posterior to the upper and lower lobes of the thyroid.

Hepatobiliary system includes the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts.

NS is the most complex body system whose working determines our personality, intelligence and skills. It is specialized properties of irritability, conduction and integration.

Renal pathology has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality due to the vast functions of the renal system in maintaining optima functioning of body systems ,Primary function of the kidney is regulation of the extra-cellular fluid environment a process accomplished through formation of urine (modified form of plasma)

The notes are designed to help the learner participate in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS & STIs in the Community.