In this course, we shall strive to understand the concepts of health education and maternal child health in the light of early childhood development. We shall define health and health education; explore maternal child health and care services specifically ante natal and post natal care; growth monitoring and promotion strategies as well as indicators of good health in young children. We shall establish the link between good health and schooling. First Aid care and the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC) will be discussed. We shall examine environmental health; environmental conservation practices as well as hygiene practices in relation to children’s health. Finally we shall explore the medical model of health vis a vis the public health module

Lugha yoyote ile ni lazima ipanuke ili iweze kukidhi mahitaji ya kila siku ya jamii husika .Kupanuka tunakorejelea ni kuongezeka kwa maneno katika lugha husika.Kama lugha haitaunda maneno kwa kasi inayohitajika huenda “ife”.Watalaamu wa lugha(wanaisimu) huchunguza utaritibu unaotuniwa na lugha kujiongezea maneno.Wanaisimu huichunguza lugha katika viwango mbalimali;sauti,maneno,sentensi,maana,matumizi na hata diskosi.Kazi hii itajikita katika kiwango cha maneno(mofolojia)na sentensi(sintaksia).Viwango vingine vitashughulikiwa katika sehemu zingine za msululu wa vitengo vya kozi hii.

This course will help the learner intellectualize Rights of the child. It will equip the learner with the essential knowledge, skills and attitudes towards, the significance of the rights of the child, child abuse and child protection.

HR policies are continuing guidelines on the approach the organization intends to adopt in managing its people. They define the philosophies and values of the organization on how people should be treated

Introduce students to aspects of cost and management accounting in the creation of information for management decision making.

This chapter introduces the students with the basic concepts of the human resource management (HRM). HRM is the study of activities regarding people working in an organization.

The conceptual framework of accounting, also called the theoretical framework of accounting is a coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamentals that can lead to consistent standards and that prescribes the nature, function and limits of financial accounting and financial accounting statements.

Introduction: Meaning and purpose of microeconomic theory, Basic concepts and mode of analysis, Traditional vs modern microeconomics, The Theory Of Consumer Behaviour: Consumer Theory, The Budget Constraint, Consumer Preferences, Utility: The Utility Function, Marginal Utility and Marginal Rate of Substitution, Revealed Preference Theory, The Slutsky Equation, Production Theory, Markets: Perfect Competition, Imperfect Competition, Game Theory: Elements of Game theory, The Payoff matrix of a game, Nash Equilibrium, Secure Strategies, General Equilibrium, Market Disequilibrium, Production, Distribution of Welfare

Finance is the art and science of managing money. It is concerned with the processes, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the generation and transfer of money among individuals, businesses, and governments.

The explanatory foreword to the ISA International Standards on Auditing describes audit as the independent examination of an expression of an opinion on the financial statements of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in pursuance of that appointment and in compliance with any relevant statutory obligation.

To introduce students to the concepts of risk management and insurance key elements in business

Introductory overview of strategic management , the hierachy of management, the strategic management concepts, strategic managers and decisions.

The purpose of this unit is to develop the learners deeper understanding of the principles of book-keeping and accounts and the ability to maintain books of accounts and preparation of financial statements

Accounting is defined as the process of identifying, measuring and reporting economic information to the users of this information to permit informed judgement.

A conceptual framework is like a constitution. It is a coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamentals that can lead to consistent standards and that prescribe the nature, function and limits of financial accounting in financial statements. A conceptual framework is essential in that to be useful, standard setting should be built on and relate to an established body of concepts and objectives. In addition new and emerging practical problems should be quickly solved by reference to an existing framework of basic theory

• Financial market is a market in which financial assets (securities) such as stocks and bonds can be purchased or sold • Financial markets are critical for producing an efficient allocation of capital, which contributes to higher production and efficiency for the overall economy, as well as economic security for the citizenry as a whole • Financial markets also improve the lot of individual participants by providing investment returns to lender-savers and profit and/or use opportunities to borrower-spenders.

Financial institutions perform the essential function of channeling funds from those with surplus funds to those with shortages of funds. Financial institutions provide a variety of services to sectors of the economy. Failure to provide these services or a breakdown in their efficient provision can be costly to both the ultimate suppliers of funds and users of funds as well as to the economy overall. For instance, bank failures may destroy household savings and at the same time restrict a firm’s access to credit. Insurance company failures may leave household members totally exposed in old age to the cost of catastrophic illnesses and to sudden drops in income on retirement. In addition individual financial institution failures may create doubts in savers ’minds regarding the stability and solvency of financial institutions and the financial system in general and cause panics and even withdrawal runs on sound institutions. Financial institutions are regulated in an attempt to prevent these types of market failures and the costs they would impose on the economy and society at large.

Entrepreneurial Finance is designed to help students and/or managers make better investment and financing decisions in entrepreneurial settings. The course covers all stages of the process, from startup to harvest. Though the course is called Entrepreneurial Finance, it differs in philosophy and style from a course like corporate Finance. It integrates people into the equation by taking into account their capabilities, their incentives, and the cognitive biases they bring to decision making. Students should not take the course as a remedial finance course but to enhance their understanding of entrepreneurship financial planning and execution. The course is aimed primarily at people who may already or are planning to be involved entrepreneurial ventures at some point in their careers whether in a large organization, a turnaround, a management buyout or a startup. The course will also be useful for future private equity decision makes.

In modern business world job management is becoming very difficult. Therefore managers requires several skills for successful management.. These skills include the following : Technical Skill – ability and knowledge to use tools, equipment, procedures & techniques in a specialized area. The manager must know the skills required in a certain business, the role of each skill and interrelationship between the skills. They should be ready to ask for technical assistance in cases where they are not familiar with a particular skill. Ability in programming operating a word processing program, designing a brochure, training people to use a budgeting system, understanding manufacturing systems, etc. are examples of technical skills. Human Skill refers to ability to work with, understand, mentor & motivate people as individual or groups. This is a sense of feelings and reflects the manager’s perception of superiors, subordinate and peers. Human skills are concerned with understanding of ‘People’. Interviewing job applicants, forming partnerships with other businesses, and resolving conflicts all require these skills. Conceptual Skill –mental ability to coordinate & integrate an organization’s activities, especially in the long-term decisions affecting the organization. It is needed to see the organization as a whole & recognize how the various factors in a situation are interrelated so actions taken are in the best interests of the organization. Conceptual skills also include the competence to understand a problem in all its aspects and to use original thinking in solving the problem. Such competence is necessary for rational decision-making. Decision making, planning, and organizing require these skills.

Management accounting is the application of professional knowledge and skills in preparation and presentation of accounting information in such a way as to assist management in formulation of policies and planning /control of operations of undertakings.