Marketing is as old as civilization. Though marketing is talked and discussed in business terms today, its origin goes back to the ancient civilization when man used symbols, signs and material artifacts to transact and communicate with others. Modern marketing revolves around the concepts, which are age old. The first signs that man made to communicate with others gave birth to the idea of marketing. The evolution of marketing has made it a structured discipline to study; otherwise marketing did exist in the ancient past.

Man started engaging in the activity of production soon after its existence. Agriculture was the first production activity

Research means technical and organized search for relevant information on a particular topic. It is defined as an academic activity that involves identifying the research problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting and analyzing data and reaching specific conclusions in the form of solutions or general theories.

Once best estimates are chosen, both from a statistical and epidemiologic perspective, hypotheses about the estimated association between a single mean, proportion, or rate and a fixed value, typically standard or goal, or about the estimated association between two or more means, proportions, or rates can be tested.

Objectives: Development and reinforcement of a general management point of view-the capacity to view the firm from an overall perspective, in the context of its environment. Development of an understanding of fundamental concepts in strategic management: the role of the general manager, the levels and components of strategy, competitive analysis, and organizational evolution. Development of those skills and knowledge peculiar to general management and the general manager's job that have not been covered in previous functional courses. Synthesis of the knowledge gained in previous courses and understanding what part of that knowledge is useful to general managers.

Business and mathematics — they just seem to go together. Of course, I could make a case for any topic to successfully mesh with math. Then again, I’m a bit prejudiced. But you have to agree that you can’t do much in the home or in the business or real estate worlds without a good, solid mathematical background.

This paper is intended to equip the candidate with knowledge, skills and attitudes that will enable him/her to apply the fundamental principles of economics in decision making.

Objectives: To impart knowledge and skills considered essential for managers to operate successfully in the dynamic world. To imbibe the student with fundamental understanding of managerial accounting and how it assists an organization's management team in the overall management process.

English pronunciation can be tricky indeed but there are numerous ways to practice and numerous resources to help guide you. Many of the resources are free, online, right at your fingertips and specialize in those learning the language pronunciation for the first time with English as a second language.

Environment literally means the surroundings, external objects, influences or circumstances under which someone or something exists. The environment of any organization is "the aggregate of all conditions, events and influences that surround and affect it." Davis, K, The Challenge of Business, (New York: McGraw Hill, 1975), p. 43.

‘Law’ means any rule of conduct, standard or pattern, to which actions are required to conform; if not conformed, sanctions are imposed. When we speak of the law of a State, we use the term ‘law’ in a special and strict sense. In this sense, the term ‘law’ is defined in Oxford English Dictionary as “the body of rules whether proceeding from formal enactment or from custom, which a particular State or community recognises as binding on its subjects or members”. These are rules which are recognised and acted on by courts of justice. Law may also be defined as rule of conduct of persons (both natural and artificial), imposed upon and enforced among the members of a given State.

Corporate governance is a central and dynamic aspect of business. The term ‘governance’ is derived from the Latin word gubernare, meaning ‘to steer’, usually applying to the steering of a ship, which implies that corporate governance involves the function of direction rather than control.

The information storage and retrieval has become very important in our day-to-day life. The old era of manual system is no longer used in most of the places.

Programming practices have evolved considerably over the past few decades. As more and more programmers gained experience problems unknown hitherto, began to surface.

Software project management includes the tools, techniques, and knowledge essential to deal with the growth of software products. In Software Project Management, the end users and developers require to know the cost of the project, duration and length. It is a process of managing, allocating and timing resources to develop computer software that meets necessities.

Information System is a particular discipline or branch of learning that is concerned with the application of information to organizational needs.

ERP systems are now ubiquitous in large businesses and the current move by vendors is to repackage them for small to medium enterprises (SMEs).

Operations Research has gained wider acclaim in the modern complex business world. For every complex problem of an industry today, well defined Operations Research tools are the solace.

Management Information System is an old management tool, which has been long used by people for better management and scientific decision-making.

Consumer behavior is a rapidly growing discipline of study. It means more than just how a person buys products.