This study was conducted with an objective of identifying factor affecting brand preference of beer in Kisii and Suneka sub Sub-County. It conceptualized and adopts six dimensions of preference affecting variable: product quality, price, promotion, distribution, reference group influence and emotional benefit and the relationships between, brand preferences. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory research designs. Convenience & judgmental non probability sampling methods was used. Data were collected from primary sources through questionnaire. Accordingly, the Primary data was collected from 384 respondents, out of which 367 valid questionnaires was collected and analyzed through both descriptive and explanatory methods .The descriptive analysis was conducted by using mean and standard deviation. On the other hand, explanatory analysis was conducted by using Pearson correlation and linear regression method. The result revealed that five of the explanatory variables have significant positive effect on brand preference for the product. Whereas price has significantly negative effect on brand prefers of beer. In addition, Promotion has the highest effect as compared to other explanatory variables and followed by product quality. But the effect of price had statistically significant effect on brand preference and inversely proportional to each other. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that management of the company has to focus on company’s promotional mix, produce product with consistency quality and product distribution.

Deposit mobilization is a fundamental part of banking activity. Thus,the main objective of the study is to examine the factors affecting deposit mobilization of private commercial banks in Kenya. The study used balanced panel model in examining the regression model and collect data from six private commercial banks covering the period of Twenty(20) consecutive years, 2000-2019 with a total of 120 observations. To this end, the study employed a quantitative research approach by documentary analysis based on their audited financial statement. The study used panel data techniques specifically fixed effect model on the regression analysis and used E-view8 software. The study used one dependent variable total deposit amount (DEP) and nine independent variables that are Bank’s size, Number of Bank’s Branch, Bank Reserve, Deposit interest rate, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Lending Rate, Exchange Rate, Inflation rate and Gross domestic product (GDP). The regression result of Exchange Rate and Deposit Interest Rate show that positive and significant effect at 5% significance level on deposit mobilization of private commercial bank in Kenya and Bank Size, Bank Reserve, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Number of Bank’s Branch and Lending rate show that positive and significant at 1% significance level on Deposit Mobilization.Whereasinflation rate has negative and insignificant impact at 5% significance level on deposit mobilization of private commercial bank and GDP show that positive and insignificant impact at 5% significance level on deposit mobilization. The study recommended that Kenyan private commercial banks should give attention to Bank Size, Bank Reserve, and Loan to Deposit Ratio, Lending Rate, Exchange Rate, Deposit Interest Rate and Number of Bank’s Branchthat could affect deposit mobilization and significantly enhance their deposit.

NGOs, like any business or government organizations, experience staff turnover which in turn affect their organizational performance. AMREF Kisii County is one of the leading NGOs working in improving the health situation of the country. The general objective of the study is to investigate the impact of staff turnover on the organizational performance of AMREF health Africa Kisii County and to forward possible recommendations. In order to conduct the study, explanatory design was followed. All professional staff members of AMREF found in the head office are included in the study. Questionnaires were administered for 43 staff members and a semi-structured interview was conducted with four senior staff members of the organization. Document found in the organization was reviewed. The data collected through questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted using frequencies, percentages, mean values and standard deviations, regression and correlations. Information collected through interviews was analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed that the major factors for staff turnover are related to payment and incentives, and training & development factors. The study has shown that on the major strategic intervention areas, the organizational performance of AMREF has been found very low. In relation to staff susceptibility for staff turnover, the research finding depicts that AMREF lost its very experienced staff members which has been affecting the organizational performance negatively. The other finding of the study is that AMREF doesn’t have a specific retention strategy which can be implemented practically to address the problem of staff turnover.

This study is carried out to identify the factors affecting the adoption of Agency banking in Kenya. The commercial banks operating in Kenya are taken as Population of the study that is 18 commercial banks. Among them the research was conducted and data gathered on the three pioneers banks in agent banking service (Co-operative bank, united bank, and lion international bank). So as to meet the research objective 58 questioners were distributed to e-banking department employees and structured interview were also held with E banking department managers of sampled banks. Purposive sampling method was employed to draw the sample from the population. The study statistically analyzed data obtained from the survey using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 V (SPSS) and descriptive statistics particularly data mean used for interpretation purpose. The result of the study regarding the major driving forces that initiate Kenyan banks to adopt agency banking are: the desire to cover wide geographical area, desire to satisfy rapid change of customer needs & preferences and the desire to improve productivity and Organizational Performance. The major factors affecting the adoption of agent banking are: lack of giving proper attention to the service as its given to other conventional banking services, Board of directors, top management and staffs resistance to change in technology, Lack of proper coordination among stakeholders of the bank - in setting goals and following up the implementation process of the service and high cost of implementation of agent banking, lack of adequate public awareness and low level of customers & agents’ technology literacy (mobile phones), Lack of adequate coordination between banks and other decision making centers in agent banking; Lack of adequate infrastructural facilities in the remote area; lack of strong push from the government to promote mobile and agent banking and Lack of sufficient legal frameworks,, customer fear of risk to use agent banking service; absence of common network that links different banks and lack of confidence in relation with the security aspects, Loss of Audit Trail and Users do not trust the agent banking services. The study also tried to identify various benefits from adopting of agency banking, among the benefits overcoming geographical limitations, reduction of queues in the banking hall, enhancement of productivity in the banking industry and Reduction of paper work are the leading benefit banks in Kenya realized from the adoption of agency. The existing opportunities for adoption of agency banking are Expansion of mobile phone users, Commitment of the government to facilitate the expansion of ICT infrastructure, Increment of educated potential customer, the relative increase of the public awareness about the service are among the leading opportunities. The study suggests a series of measures which need to be taken by commercial banks so as to address various factors affecting its adoption among them: Public awareness on the use of ICT, e-commerce and e-Payment need to be raised and enhanced. The government should also legalize the acceptance of electronic receipts as a mode of transaction confirmation. This removes the past requirement of providing paper-based receipts for cash in and cash-out transactions, in doing so the desire to use the agency banking service will rise.

Reward management is one of the ways used by organizations for attracting and retaining suitable employees as well as facilitating them to improve their performance. This study aimed at assessing the employee recognition practice and their effects on employee motivation in Lion International Bank. The study adopted quantitative research design. Data was collected using questionnaires. A total of 296 questionnaires were distributed, out of which, 265 employees responded. Descriptive statistics (frequency tables, percentages) were used to present data. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the programs; Data were analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program. Regression analysis were used to test the relationship between the variables under study in relation to the objectives of the study. The finding of the study shows that positive and significant relationship between all independent variable which are payment, promotion, benefit, working condition, supervision, feedback and autonomy and dependent variable employee, motivation. This implies that, a significant portion of employees considered the recognition practices in Lion International Bank S.C. as less motivating unfair, not competitive and attractive and hence employees seemed to be less responsibility, les loyalty and belongingness and less committed to the organization. It is recommended to review the banks recognition practices that are factor that effect employee motivation.

The main objective of this study was to investigate effects of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system on organizational performance in MIDROC Gold. The research followed an explanatory research design as it explains the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables (used in the study. The target population for this study consists of employees who are working on ERP system in different departments at MIDROC GOLD. Eighty-one (81) respondents were targeted for the study and hence the same number of questionnaires was distributed. However, out of this number, 67 questionnaires were received. Out of which, 7 (seven) were carelessly or inappropriately filled and were therefore not used in the analysis making a response rate of 74%. The remaining 14 questionnaires were not returned back. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data using SPSS version 20. Correlation was used to test the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables. Regression analysis was used to test the effect of the independent variables (ERP system) on dependent variable (organizational performance) and to test the hypotheses and the result had shown inventory management, information system, internal process and decision making positive and strong relationship with organizational performance and hence found to be identified as statistically significant factors which affect organizational performance. However, organizational business value and employee management had shown negative relationship with the dependent variable and thus found to have statistically insignificant effect on organizational performance. The researcher recommends MIDROC Gold to build on the ERP system practices (internal process, inventory management, and decision making and information system) andthe organization is recommended to work hardly on the two variables/ERP system practices (organizational business value and employee management). Finally,other researchers should carry out research in other organizations that deployed ERP system as organizational business value and employee management unexpectedly have shown negative relationship with organizational performance.

The main objective of this study was to affect the application of digital marketing on customer satisfaction on four star hotels in Kisii Town Kisii County. A researcher used a stratified sampling technique which is random sampling for the study. a total of 330 questioner were distributed to customer and staffs of the four hotels which rated as four star in Kisii Town. The response rate 300 participants was responded which is 90.91 percent response rate achieved. The Descriptive and explanatory research design was undertaken in this study and this was conducted by the use of primary and secondary data which was obtained from the hotels. The study used multiple regression analysis in the analysis of data and the findings have been presented in the form of tables and regression equations. The study also found that there is a strong relationship between the independent variables with customer satisfaction of the hotels. This has been seen with values R squared being 94.0% implying that independent variables could explain 94.0% variations in customer satisfaction of the hotels. This study concludes the applicable to the star category hotels in Kisii Townor may be abroad. The outcomes cannot be related to other subsectors of the hospitality industry or other constituents of wider travel and tourism sector. The results of this study may surely help the hotel marketers to know the effectiveness of important digital marketing tools for hotels and use them strategically. It would also encourage more scholars and researchers from academia and hospitality industry to go about doing digital marketing studies exclusively for hotels in Kisii Townas well as Kisii County. The value of the study is for its contribution to how digital marketing team can effectively optimize digital marketing strategies for Kisii Town hotels. Due to the limited numbers of related papers exclusively written specifically pertaining to digital marketing for Kisii Town hotels, the researchers have tried to examine research works of other researchers across the globe.

A number of literatures have pointed to the importance of stakeholders’ role in the success of construction projects. As construction projects are complex and unique in their nature, stakeholders with diverse backgrounds of knowledge, skill, power, and interest such as owners, consultants, contractors, end users, and other primary and secondary stakeholders involve in achieving the project success. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the involvement of stakeholders on the success of the project under the study. Both the qualitative and quantitative methods were used together to collect and analyzed necessary data from envisaged sources. The quantitative data obtained through structured questionnaire survey to 50 respondents were analyzed via regression techniques by using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS20) and by using text analysis to analyze the qualitative data. According to the SPSS analysis results, project supply management, stakeholders’ financial contribution, project monitoring and stakeholders’ active decision makings are found to be the major determinants on the success of the project. Lastly, the researcher attempted to put his recommendations which mainly emphasizes on the following realities such as, first there should be strong contractual and legal relationships, obligations, liability, and enforcement among the key stakeholders; promoting and convincing the local community towards the aim and goal of the project; and phase based project implementation are the major one. Keywords: Project, stakeholders, stakeholders’ involvement, project success, water supply project, Oromia, Kisii County.

effect of talent management on employee retention in the case of KNP Collage in Kisii County.docx

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of strategy implementation on the organization performance of Bank of Abyssinia (BOA). Secondary and Primary data was utilized in this study. Secondary data was obtained from reviewing text books, publications, financial records and internal records of BOA. Primary data was gathered with the aid of questionnaires and interview. One hundred ninty eight (197) questionnaires were sent to employees of the bank and one hundred seventy four (174) responses were obtained representing a response rate of 87.5%. The results of the administered questionnaires showed a fairly high level of agreement for the features of the various factors that relates strategy implementSation and performance of the bank. However, this study showed that structures put in place for bottom-up information flow were not known to all employees. This study also showed that the leadership approach the bank use is vague that majority of employees were uncertain for the leadership approach effectiveness at BOA. The researcher recommends that all factors of the various dimensions should be put into the right perspective so as to help the general workforce of the bank to understand the main objectives and strategic implementation in place to achieve the objectives of BOA. And lastly the bank should develop effective communication benchmark, since change bring resistance on employee communicating the change in strategy, roles and responsibility and its importance help to achieve the objective and also contribute to stay competitive in the industry.

Recruitment and selection, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of an organization in terms of achieving its ultimate goal (Costello, 2006). The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of employee recruitment and selection on organizational performance in COOP. The study focused particularly on identifying the effect of internal recruitment, external recruitment and selection practice on COOP performance. The study also reviewed literature on recruitment and selection with theoretical, empirical and conceptual frameworks. To achieve the objective, the researcher was employed both descriptive and explanatory design method. study was also applied both qualitative and quantitative research approach (mixed method approach). Purposive sampling technique was used to select branches and process unit’s representative of Co-operative bank of Kenya for the study. Survey questioners was used to collect the data from a sample of 377 employees who are working in under four Addis Ababa districts and head office in Co-operative Bank of Kenya. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the data analysis process. The descriptive statistics include the mean, frequencies, percentage and standard deviation. The inferential statistics (correlation analysis and regression analysis) was also used in analyzing the relation between independent and dependent variables. The finding indicates that internal recruitment, external recruitment and selection correlated and have significance effect on organizational performance. the internal source of recruitment methods of the bank is not rational, acceptable and fair. Additionally, COOP recruitment and selection practice did not reduce potential legal complications and did not save training time and money including, did not help COOP to gain competitive advantage. And most of employees are not motivated to stay with the organization. So that the researcher come up with recommendation that the bank should look and improve other process of HR linked with recruitment and selection like the talent management (job analysis and job specification) and compensation and reward management in order to gain competitive advantage. The management should also improve the promotional and transfer practice and criteria beside except for punishments, transfers have to be considered after a discussion with the employee of his or her console. And All legislation and policies pertaining to recruitment and selection should also be made available to all staff members of the bank

The study examined the effect of organizational communication on employees’ performance at Star soap and detergent industries plc. The study hypothesized the effects of communication flow, communication structure, communication medium and communication climate on the performance of employees. This research used explanatory research design within the framework of quantitative approach. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study. Primary data was collected from 129 respondents using structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics including correlation and multiple linear regression models are employed to analyze the data. Results from the study revealed that organizational communication parameters are statistically significant and communication medium is insignificant. Further, the findings and assumptions of multiple linear regression showed that employee performance is highly determined by the communication flow, communication structure and communication climate. When deciding to improve the overall organizational communication, Star soap and detergent industries plc. Better consider the significant correlates of organizational communication parameters.

Organizational commitment is very important for employees of every organization. Thus, objective of this study is to analyze the effect of Organizational Commitment (Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment, and Normative Commitment) on skilled employees’ turnover Intention in the case of United Bank S.Co. Recently high labour turnover has become a problem for banking industry. Thus, well experienced, qualified professionals leave their position that they held in a bank operation and administration areas by creating undesirable cost and harming productivity as well as creating service gap for the company. United Bank S.Co. is one of the victims of this high skilled labour turnover. In this study, the researcher used both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through tested questionnaires and interview and secondary data for the study was added by referring relevant reports and documents within the organization. Being a quantitative and qualitative research, the population and sample in this study are current employees of the United Bank S. Co only in grade A branches. The data are collected by survey method using a questionnaire distributed to fourteen Grade “A” Branches of the bank using a purposive sampling method. With 205 respondents from 220, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20 Version) was used for data operation the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The overall regression model showed a statistically significant relationship between the three forms of commitment (Affective, Normative and Continuance) and turnover intentions, although normative commitment had the strongest relationship with turnover intentions. The Study results provide additional evidence showing that employees’ affective, continuance, and normative commitment to their organizations relate to their turnover intentions. These results may contribute to positive social change by helping top level managers to better understand the relationship between employees’ organizational affective, continuance and normative commitment with turnover intentions. With this knowledge, leaders may be able to decrease turnover rate and turnover-related costs and Increase Company’s performance.

On a female dominated profession such as nursing motherhood is still associated with limited opportunities of career development. While many studies were done to study work life balance of professional mothers in Kenya less attention was given for studying the career path of nurse mothers and the effect of motherhood associated factors on career development of nurses. Thus the purpose of this paper is to study the effect of motherhood on career development of nurse professional mothers. This paper used a quantitative approach and employed explanatory cross sectional design. The study was carried out in two out of six hospitals under Kisii County Health bureau with a sample size of 200. Structured questionnaire (in Amharic and English) was used to collect data. Out of the administered 200 questionnaires 200 was returned with a response rate of 100%. Descriptive analytics was done to determine frequency of variables and binary logistic regression was done to determine the magnitude and scale of significance of associated variables. Socio demographic factors (Age and Dependent children), Work family factors (Work life balance and Career break) and Organizational Factors (Organizational policies and Practices and Supervisor support) was considered potential factors which has an effect on career development of nurse professional mothers. The results indicate that more than half of the nurse professional mothers have career development. The study also revealed that only work life balance was a significant predictor of career development of nurse professional mothers.

The study sought to find out the effect of liquidity on profitability of all private Co-oparative Banks in Kenya through the significant variables explaining liquidity and profitability by secondary data’s gathered from NBE and annual financial reports of the banks. Three variables for liquidity and one variable for profitability were taken to measure liquidity and profitability of Co-oparative banks in Kenya, loan to total asset, loan to total deposit, liquid asset to total deposit and return on asset respectively. Unbalanced panel regression model was used for data covered from 1994 -2015. Hetroscedasticity test, auto-correlation tests, multi-collinearity and normality tests were performed to test whether the variables satisfy the assumptions of the research. The regression results showed that all the three variables, loan to total asset, loan to total deposit and liquid asset to total deposit had statistically significant effect on banks profitability. Among these significant variables affecting banks profitability loan to total asset had positive effect whereas, loan to total deposit and liquid asset to total deposit had negative effect on profitability. This implies that liquidity has both significant positive and negative impact on profitability; therefore the study suggests that, management of banks should give an adequate emphasis to these two conflicting goals of banks and maintain optimal level of liquidity to maximize its profit and to enhance the banks competitiveness in the industry.

The general objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Fintech on the financial inclusion among small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County. To achieve this goal, the study was grounded on four objectives which included to assess the effect of online banking, to examine the effect of digital lending applications, to determine the effect of agency banking, and to establish the effect of mobile money services on financial inclusion among SMEs in Nairobi County. The study utilized a descriptive research design, while targeting a population of approximately 50,000 SMEs located within Nairobi County. Given the substantial number of SMEs, the research employed a stratified sampling method, using Slovin’s formula to select a representative sample of 400 respondents, SME owners, distributed across two distinct respondent categories. On the first objective, respondents generally recognized that online banking has expanded their client base and enhanced their operational efficiency. They appreciated the reduced overhead costs and the lower costs compared to traditional banking methods. The convenience of managing financial transactions from anywhere at any time significantly improved, allowing business owners to focus more on their core activities. However, there were reservations about the speed and ease of accessing information through online platforms. On the second objective, digital lending applications were noted for providing quicker access to credit and facilitating faster information retrieval, which are crucial for timely business decisions. Despite these advantages, respondents were skeptical about the affordability of credit through these platforms. They also noted that while digital loans reduced the time needed to access funds, the overall costs were perceived to be lower than those associated with traditional banking. The convenience of using digital lending applications over traditional bank visits was recognized, though not overwhelmingly. On the third objective, agency banking was well-received for its ability to speed up transactions and deposit processes. Respondents valued the extended working hours and the greater cost-effectiveness compared to traditional banking. The method was particularly praised for reducing transaction times and enhancing access to banking services, thus allowing business owners to dedicate more time to their businesses. The overall sentiment towards agency banking was favorable, highlighting its efficiency and convenience. On the fourth objective, mobile money was unanimously lauded for its role in facilitating accessible and convenient financial transactions. Respondents appreciated the ability to conduct transactions at any time and noted the speed at which they could access information and complete financial transactions. The cost-effectiveness of mobile money transactions compared to traditional methods was a significant advantage. Furthermore, the ease of receiving business payments and accessing bank accounts through mobile platforms greatly enhanced operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The analysis demonstrated that fintech services have a marked positive impact on financial inclusion. Online banking showed a significant influence, evidenced by a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.543 and an F-statistic of 137.818, with a p-value of 0.01, highlighting its strong statistical significance. Digital lending applications also made a positive impact, with a correlation coefficient of 0.627 and an F-statistic of 63.265, signaling very high significance with a p-value less than 0.001. Similarly, agency banking registered a correlation coefficient of 0.649 and an F-statistic of 239.128, with a p-value of 0.01, demonstrating its effectiveness. Mobile banking also contributed positively, reflected by a correlation coefficient of 0.621 and an F-statistic of 205.622, with a p-value less than 0.001. The analysis concluded that online banking not only improves access to financial services and operational efficiency but also presents opportunities for further innovations to meet the evolving needs of small businesses. Digital lending applications provide SMEs with quick and straightforward access to capital. Agency banking effectively bridges service gaps in underserved areas, enhancing financial literacy and inclusion at the grassroots level. Enhancements in training, service offerings, and technology could amplify its benefits. Lastly, mobile banking transforms SME financial management by offering unparalleled convenience and rapid access to services. To enhance financial inclusion for SMEs, it was recommended that financial institutions integrate advanced technologies like AI and blockchain into online banking and conduct regular training for SME owners to boost their engagement and trust. Additionally, fintech companies should expand digital lending with tailored loan products, simplify applications, and ease approval processes. For agency banking, expanding the agent network in rural areas with intensified training and offering incentives for remote operations is advised. Improving the usability and security of mobile banking applications, increasing smartphone penetration, and partnering with mobile network operators can also significantly benefit SME owners, especially in underserved regions. These initiatives aim to broaden the accessibility and impact of fintech solutions across diverse business sectors.

study sought to examines the determinants of financial performance of selected commercial banks in Kenya the role of ICT using eight Kenyan commercial banks registered before 2004/05 at NBE, by using panel data of banks over the period 2005-2015. Since the data is secondary in nature, the quantitative approach to research was considered. The study used “descriptive research approach” and secondary financial data are analyzed by using multiple linear regressions (OLS) models for the bank profitability measure, return on asset (ROA) using E-views 9 econometric software. Besides, the random effect model was used. The random effect model is preferred to the fixed effect model based on the hausman specification test. Under this study, both internal and external factors were included. The internal factors used in this study include ICT, operating cost, income diversification, deposit to total assets, whereas the external factors are market concentration, real GDP growth and inflation rate. Moreover, ROA were used as the performance measure. Based on the regression result, internal factors like ICT, operating cost, income diversity are significant key internal drivers of profitability of commercials banks in Kenya. Indeed, focusing and reengineering the institutions alongside these indicators could enhance the profitability as well as the performance of the commercial banks in Kenya. Among the external factors included in this study market concentration has negative significant effect on profitability of Kenyan commercial banks. Regarding GDP and inflation it has negative insignificant and positive insignificant effect on performance respectively. From the study result, it is also observed that commercial banks in Kenya has low experience of evaluating information technology investments before and after investment is made. In general, the research concluded that banks will have better future with more technological advancements, if they are able to make sound information technology related investments with good management and IT governance system. This is a clear signal to all commercial banks in Kenya that they can more concentrate on internal driver without ignoring the industry and macroeconomic indicators when strategizing to improve ROA.

The objective of Equity banks is to make profits and thus satisfy the needs of their respective stockholders. The making of profits and even staying on board of these, banks adopt strategies to mobilize deposits from the public that is an input to earn income for Equity bank. In order to make good strategies, however, the banks should know what factors determine the deposit mobilization activity in the real world. This paper then explores the theoretical as well as empirical analysis of those factors having an impact on deposit volume in banks and even assesses which ones are more significant or less significant by taking EBK as evidence. To do the practical investigation, the researcher collected both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected by a means of questionnaire from management and staff of EBK regarding the skill, motivation, commitment and the banks new products. The secondary data for the study were the values of dependent and independent variables of eleven years (2006 up to2015 GC),which were collected from Equity bank of Kenya, national bank of Kenya and central statistics authority . The study had found four variables that can affect the total deposit of Equity banks. These Four variables are regressed with the dependent variable, i.e. total deposit; these variables include inflation rate, loan disbursements, per-capita income and bank branches.The data analysis was done using SPSS software. Different diagnostic tests are tested to know whether the model is valid or not, having the model is valid the regression analysis is performed using OLS method. The study reveals that all the four variables can affect total deposit. Branch expansion had positive and significant effect on total deposit whereas inflation rate had negative and insignificant effect on total deposit. And the remaining two variables loan provision and per-capita income has positive but insignificant effect. The research recommends that banks have to do much in branch expansion studying potential deposit area.

The financial sector plays vital role in any economy by transferring funds from surplus to deficit area by giving credit. In today’s changing financial landscape-environment of intense competitive pressure, volatile economic conditions, rising bankruptcies, and increasing levels of consumer and commercial debt; an organization’s ability to effectively monitor and manage risk associated to credit become critical. Therefore, managing its credit risk, using the credit risk management tools, can make the difference between success and failure. Hence it is essential to overview of the credit risk management practice of the banks and identifies the gap to take proactive measures and to protect the banks from any damage. Therefore the research to identify the gap on credit risk management practices of private banks case study in one of the private banks, Bank of Co-Operative was conducted. Qualitative research method was used and data has been collected from primary and secondary sources. In obtaining information from the primary data, a survey questionnaire was developed, pre-tested and used for collecting data. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents of the Bank and the data were collected from credit professionals. The study found that lack of information system that support the risk management process , absence of risk identification focused tools on customers’ business and the associated environment , unsound lending practices associated to credit processing and appraisal activities and lack of accountability, lack of measures associated to non performing loans, high concentration of loan on sector ,product ,geography and also on by large borrowers as a key drawbacks on credit risk management practices of the Bank.. Thus, it is suggested that Bank should build well organized management information system, should put in- place a system capable of assessing, monitoring and controlling risk exposures in more scientific manner, should give a key concern to minimize concentration risk and should develop code of conduct to proactively monitoring ethical standards, and prudent application of policies.

purpose of this study is to assess on MFIs in Of Kenya and more specifically, Kisii credit and saving institution operations regarding its challenges. Reviews of research design, the research method, the research approach, the methods of data collection, the selection of the sample, the research process, Sampling Techniques, the type of data Analysis, the ethical considerations and the research limitations of the project. The findings confirmed that Staff training is available of capacity building of all KCSI employees, HR Office it has Owen problems the procedures and recruitment process are not transparent and clear for all staffs. Management department doesn’t give final decision for some problems it happened in the institutions. AdCSL registered and licensing by NBE at the time of establishment. People often used funds for consumption rather than entrepreneurial investments this is the major weakness of the Clint. The result of study show the lending capacity of the institute limited and restricted amount of money, there is lack of skilled manpower , there is high staff turnover ,Government and the city administration to interfere on the policy and regulation against the financial industry, Government body influence MFIS in order to accomplish its political issues, government assigned inefficient directorate boards member, there is lack of modern financial system, technology and data management most of the time working by manual because of this the service doesn’t deliver efficiently.