Ethics is a very essential concept that defends oneself as an individual, society and culture in organization. In Kenyan road authority ethical braches are becoming common. This research examines employee work ethics and culture in Kenya Road Authority. The objective of the research is to investigate the existing ethical situation in the organization that has become culture of the Kenyan Road Authority (KRA) and recommend useful and improved ways of the ethical treatment in the organization. To achieve this objective, the research focuses on the ethical issues existing in the organization and unethical behavioral in workplace, value and beliefs of the organizations. The study used a mixed research method and descriptive research design. Using random sampling technique 376 employees and, 32 team leaders was chosen and by using survey method the data was collected and analyzed. The study shows ethical and behavioral issues exist in the culture of the organization. The result of the unethical issues results shows if there is the occurrence of the phenomenal such as favoritism, abuse of power and discrimination which appeared to be are the highest. Following second are being late, absenteeism, misusing internet, unethical communication, being irresponsible and dishonesty exist in different levels, as well. In genKRAl the data clearly shows show, there is a great deal of work to be done on work ethics and the culture of the organization because the work ethics is proven to be determining factor on the culture of the organization.

The purpose of this study is to assess the Practices, Challenges and Prospects in Implementation of Organizational Change in the Case of Splitting Kenya Electric Power Corporation. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed. The primary data are gathered from managers and employees of EEP and EEU through survey questionnaires, interview, and focus group discussion and from secondary data. The researcher identified that the major bottleneck in implementation of organizational change includes inexperienced consultant in organizational wide change; lack of monitoring assumptions, risks, costs, return on investment; lack of adequate training and implementation of performance measurement system; lack of leadership support and couching; gap in operational planning and clear day to day activities; and lack of information technology support and provision of adequate resources. The research concludes that the implementation of change in organization in splitting EEPCO has failed to meet its target, especially in relation to improvement of customer service. The study recommends the two organizations to resolve the bottlenecks that are identified in order to meet their target of better customer. Careful monitoring of the entire change process is essential in order to be able to measure its impact and evaluate its success to fulfill the gap accordingly.

The challenging for financial service market results more pressure on banks to develop and utilize alternative delivery channels, with a view to attracting more customers and improving customer perceptions and encouraging loyalty. The study is aimed at dealing with the opportunity and challenges of internet banking on Co-operative bank of Kenya. The study used descriptive research method that incorporated qualitative research approaches. In conducting this research, data was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. A descriptive case study that makes use of a combination of questioners that is taken account of 50 from employees and 80 from customers that are used because it helped the researcher clarify and explain the existing phenomenon in a meaningful, justifiable and numerical manner. Based on this research paper research problem it concerned on Co-operative banks that do not have an insight into how their customers perceive and evaluate internet banking service quality. Large number of COOP customers Disagreed on that customers have enough information about internet banking. Great Majority of COOP employees and most customers highly aware on the importance of internet banking to save time and money. Majority of COOP employees strongly agree on that internet banking is more accessible to users and customers are neutral. Great Majority of the COOP employees and majority of customers responded on that the service is very low to be adoptable to disable and elder people. Large number of COOP employees and customers responded on that COOP never provides a training to enhance awareness of customer. Great majority of employees and majority of customers agreed on that customers encounter problems related with Internet while using the service. Large no of employees and customers responded on that COOP seldom provides an alternative way when the Internet is slow. Majority of employees agreed on that COOP has experienced and skilled IT professionals to administer latest technology and Majority of customers disagreed on that COOP has experienced and skilled IT professionals to administer latest technology. COOP should have to create awareness and provide sustainable information in order to increase how to use/access internet banking since the study shows there is a gap b/n COOP and customers as COOP is only trying to fulfill the targeted percent .Internet banking service providers ought to look out for indicators of innovative ways of creating awareness about the service through participation in trade organizations, exhibitions as well as adoption of new technologies of Internet banking. In addition, it would be useful to study the corporate client’s diverse satisfaction needs in order to respond to them precisely. Further studies need to be carried out knowing that the Internet banking service is still new in most of the developing countries thus, new issues, needs and demands may arise as the banks continue to implement the strategy.

The paper is designed to Assess the Employees’ Performance Appraisal Practice and Challenges i n Debub Global Bank S.C .On the basis of data collected through questionnaires and interview; the researcher have tried to disclose some of the real problems of performance appraisal practice based on the opinion of the respondents in this Bank. The questionnaire was distributed to 68 employees of the bank working in head office: in which 54 were fully completed and returned. The questionnaire was distributed to the employee’s on the basis of simple random sampling based on respondent willingness and cooperation of the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 23.On the basis of the data obtained from the respondents, lack of clarity of performance appraisal standards inadequacy to reflect the performance of the employees’ jobs and duties, and manager related problems are identified at Debub Global bank S.C. In Addition, the researcher has discovered that evaluators usually do not continually record or document the performance of employees over the evaluation period. In this regard, it was identified that evaluators evaluate the performance of employees on the basis of recent behaviors’. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher has recommended that Performance appraisal standard should be revised in participation of the employees for they are the actual persons who do the job and evaluated. In order to explain employees who do not know why performance evaluation is conducted the Bank’s management should create awareness on purpose of performance appraisal. The Bank’s HR directorate should follow up those raters who are not having file and support those using it now. The Bank’s management should give training to supervisors and managers who are responsible for conducting performance evaluation. This will boost raters’ ability to assess and advance raters’ unfairness.

purpose of this study is to assessment of claims management practices in case of AIC. The research’s particular emphasis was given to non-life /general insurance business of the company. The study tried to answer the questions that; what are the main factors of claims settlement dalliance in AIC, how claims management practices are source of customer compliance, how efficient is the claims management practice in AIC and what are the main reasons of claims rejection in Africa insurance company. The general objective of the study is to investigate claims management processes and practices of claims management. The study employed cross-sectional survey design in which 315 external customers selected randomly and 88 internal customers (i.e., staffs) involved in the claim process were the subject of the study by administering specially designed questionnaires. The results obtained suggest that the prevailing claims handling process is a major problem area affecting customers’ satisfaction that need to be overhauled. The clients of AIC believed that lack of updated and clear claims management manuals and procedures, lack of skilled, knowledgeable, experienced and committed claim staff and in claims service are the key challenges in AIC. More importantly, centralized claims management, external and internal effects of immoral behavior of the clients, surveyors, garages, spare part dealers, and internal employees along with sluggish interdepartmental/work units/ communications towards claims management were the major issues in the company. Poor compliant handling system of the company, delay of claims management from notification up to settlement to claimants, lack of intensive standard training for claims staff, and lack of work standard for internal employees, external surveyors and garages decelerates the rate at which quality service is delivered in the company. Thus, it’s recommended based on the finding that the AIC should create an effective, transparent and customer-oriented means to standardize the services, educate the customers, decentralize the claim unit and make use of the standard monitoring mechanism as per the strategies and policies of the company so as to maximize the level of satisfaction of motor claimants. The study suggests that to solve the claims settlement problems should begin from underwriting and the policies should be have an Amharic version and the management should also solve the problems of claims department centralization and dalliance problems. In addition the company should provide timely response for its customers and the investigation process should do in good cooperation with in claims department.

STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PUBLIC LIBRARY G+3

This project presents a detailed study titled "Architectural and Structural Design of a G+3 commercial Building: Case Study of Kisii Central district" The study focuses on a G+3 commercial building at Kisii Central station that measure 207,775m x 158,64m, comprising essential features like balconies, agency office, restaurant, shops, bus parking, kitchens, bathroom, offices. Each floor stands at a height of 4 m. The structural analysis employed fundamental civil engineering principles to meticulously design key elements, including beams, slabs, columns, foundations, and stairs. Longitudinal beams, with a depth of 500 mm, width of 200 mm, and a flange width of 907 mm, utilized Ø16 mm reinforcement bars at both top and bottom. Slabs were diversified into three types (continuous and discontinuous), each with a 25 cm thickness and reinforced with Ø12 mm bars. Columns incorporated Ø25 mm bars with Ø8 mm links at 144 mm center to center. Foundation design adhered to a bearing capacity (Pb= 350 KN/m2), resulting in foundations measuring 1500*1500*500 mm, reinforced primarily with Ø20 mm bars. Stairs facilitating interfloor access were crafted with a 265 mm going, 180 mm riser, 200 cm flight height, and a pitch of 32.530. Reinforcement comprised Ø16 mm bars at the bottom and Ø8 mm bars at the top. This dissertation offers a comprehensive exploration of the structural intricacies involved in designing a G+3 commercial building. Through meticulous analysis and design, it provides valuable insights into construction practices, particularly within the unique context of Kisii Central district.

This dissertation is a detailed study entitled "Architectural and Structural Design ofThree-Storey Modern Market Building: Case Study of Kisii Central District." The object in question is a three-storey modern market building measuring 52.153 length x42.995 width with main features like balconies, washrooms, bedrooms, verandahs, and kitchens. Each floor stands at a height of 3.80 m. The structural analysis applied general principles in civil engineering to carefully design key items such as beams, slabs, columns, foundations, and stairs. The longitudinal had a depth of 800 mm and a width of 300 mm, with a wing width of 907 mm using Ø40 mm reinforcement bars both on the upper and lower sides. Slabs were divided into three categories, namely continuous and discontinuous. Slabs had 15 cm thickness and were supported by Ø12 mm reinforcement bars. Columns of the mix contained Ø40 mm bars with Ø8 mm links at 144 mm centre to centre. The bearing capacity Pb = 400 KN/m 2 was used for the foundation design, which gave the foundation dimensions 4000*4000*500 mm, reinforced with Ø20 mm bars as the significant reinforcement. Stairs providing access between the floors were constructed with a going of 305 mm and a riser of 160 mm. The flights rose 200 cm with a pitch of 29.53 0. The reinforcement included Ø16 mm bars at the bottom and Ø8 mm bars at the top. This dissertation presents a detailed study of the structural details involved in the construction of a three-story apartment building. It gives insight into the best construction practices through careful analysis and design, considering a context that differs from any other: the Kisii Central District.

In order to ensure the building stability, it was necessary to determine the adequate dimensions of structural elements; this project deals with the calculation and design of reinforced concrete structure. Several figures and tables have been used to illustrate the text and contribute to a better understanding of the subject matter. The proposed apartment building is 23.25 m x 18 m dimensions. It is three-storey building and it has bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms and bathrooms. The height of each floor is 3.20 m. All the building members (slabs, columns, foundations and stair) are calculated by analytical method by using the basic knowledge in civil engineering. The height of the beam is 55 cm; its width is 20 cm whereas the width of flange is 90.7 cm for longitudinal beams. The maximum and minimum bar of reinforcement bar at top for all beams is Ø16 the same to the reinforcement at bottom. The critical panel of slab was designed, slab thickness is 15cm the maximum size of reinforcement bar is Ø12mm .The high loaded column was designed and the maximum reinforcement bar size is Ø25mm.Links of Ø8 mm at 300 mm center to center were provided to hold main reinforcement bars. Foundation were designed by considering the bearing capacity Pb= 320 KN/m2 and designed upper load from columns. Each designed foundation is 200*200*50 cm and the maximum reinforcement bar is Ø20 mm in foundation. In order to provide access from floor to next floor stair was designed .Going of stair is 300 mm, riser is 150 mm, the flight height is 160 cm and its pitch is 29.530, that stair is reinforced by Ø16 mm.

The Structural and Architectural design G+7 buildings which include hotels, apartments, and head offices are the subject of this initiative. The goal is to reduce the building's negative environmental effects while optimising energy efficiency and occupant well-being through the use of eco-friendly materials and technologies. Important elements consist of: Sustainable Materials: Reducing reliance on conventional building materials by using bio-based composites, locally sourced lumber, and recycled materials. Energy efficiency is the use of high-performance insulation, solar panels, and passive design techniques to reduce energy use and dependency. All the chapters and other main points in this project are numbered to help those who may need to use it, to easily reach an interesting section by omitting others. This project also has been compiled referred to various document of many authors and by using equations provided in codes of practice, with a focus on British standard (BS). The analysis begins with the evaluation of all loads that are expected to be carried by the structure including its self-weight to determine the foundation’s dimensions. In the architectural design, the plans are conceived in order to show dimensions of building, and the shape of building also its height. About structural design, this project details only foundation by following BS 8110-1:1997 and BS 6399-1:1996. On the basis of the results, the detailed plans are presented. The design criteria were conducted mainly based on British Standards (BS). The PROKON software and excel spread sheet was used for some design of member but in the most part I have been using the manually way. Structural Design Details: 1. Slab Design: • The slab was designed with a cover of 25mm, a thickness of 30cm Provided reinforcement: As = 452mm² with 4T12 The slab was evaluated for deflection and deemed satisfactory, with both maximum positive and negative moments being adequately resisted. No shear reinforcement was required, as the shear stress (0.3 N/mm²) was well below the shear capacity (0.38 N/mm²). 2. Beam Design: • The beam was designed with a total height of 0.75cm, aligned with ly/12 and ly/8 requirements. • Reinforcement provided: 7T16 bars (1407mm²). 3. Column Design: • The most loaded column (C-C2) was designed as a square column with dimensions of 400mm x 400mm. Effective heights: 6000mm along the major axis, 3500mm along the minor axis. The column was classified as a braced short column. 4. Footing Design: • The footing was designed for a soil bearing capacity of 250 kN/m². • A square footing of 1.6m x 1.6m was selected, keeping the design stress within the soil’s bearing capacity. 5. Stair Design: • The stair was designed for a height of 3400mm between the ground and first floors, with a flight length of 3.3m at an angle of 27.9°. The design included 11 risers and 10 goings, each 3300mm in dimension. Moment for the flight: 30kNm. This detailed overview covers both the structural design aspects of the project, ensuring compliance with design standards while contributing to the growth of Camp Kisii’s urban landscape.

Water is important for human beings; it is used for personal hygiene, drinking, food cooking, toilet-flushing and other domestic activities. In Kisii High School there is a problem of lack of water which causes inhabitants to suffer from all problem caused by insufficient water for daily use. This project was selected to contribute in solving the serious problem concerning insufficient water in Eastern Province. The equalization water tank was designed to increase the available quantity of water to satisfy the population of students for at least four years. During this research I used internet, books and other source of information to base my design standard requirements. The calculation begins by considering the volume required, which is 2084.3 m3 with height of 6.2m, freeboard height= 0.2m,The section area of tank is 347.38m2 for the design of the whole tank to be accurate determined

The study was todesign a water supply system for Kisii School in Kisii Central district. The study was guided by the following objectives mainly to increase access to safe adequate and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene service delivery. And specifically to characterize and determine the quality of the available water sources, to determine water demand for the community and to design an effective water supply system. The project was carried out with in Ikamiro parish and covered a design and layout distribution of the pipes. The project consisted of design of accessing water demand for water supply, design of storage reservoirs, selecting suitable source and design pipe network system. Desk study was employed in collecting data related to Population of Kisii Ikamiira parish, operation and maintenance of water supply system among others. It included thorough search through the internet, reading the available journals, Lecture notes from KIU and different university concerning the subject under study. The Kenya Water Supply Design Manual second Edition (2000) was used in the design of the system. The researchers recommend that the local council authorities and the community should fully be involved in the implementation of the design alongside the contractors. This is to instill ownership of the scheme in the community minds and provide community members with the skills for the upcoming tasks.

swimming pool is a large room constructed where people eat meals and share ideas outside the meals time. The project focuses on the construction of a modern swimming pool that serves all the heart of our institution providing a space for social interaction. The swimming pool is more than just a place to eat; it is an important place where students and staff come together to share meals, ideas and experience. The proposed swimming pool will be designed to accommodate dietary need for people. It will feature sitting areas flexible dining spaces for events. The swimming pool will have different offices in it. It will have some rooms which will have catering places so as to enable the people with physical disabilities to access food and all members of the college community. It will be a place where the entire college will come to eat together showing togetherness. The construction of this swimming pool is an investment is overall well- being of college community. It promotes a sense of belonging. The researcher recommends that a construction of a modern swimming pool to solve the problems.

short circuit has been a source of problems to the electrical components experienced by electrical technicians and engineers during the assembling of the evaluable components on the board. I have managed to come up with short circuit tester which will automatically detect and indicate the short circuit available in the assembled board. The main aim of coming with this project is to reduce the loss of life of people when short circuit occurs, maintain the life span of valuable components installed in the board and facilitate easy way of troubleshooting the component effect during the repair damaged equipment. The two NPN transistor BC547 is used in the project design to since the presence of short circuit in the electrical circuit. The designed buzzer will automatically have signaled hence turning on Red LED when there is Short circuit in the circuit under the tester thus creating awareness.

SENSOR BASED DETECTOR AND MONITORING SYSTEM ABSTRACT With improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. One main area of research that has seen adoption of the technology is the healthcare sector. The people in need of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly true in developing countries. With improvement in technology previously expensive hospital equipment have been redesigned using current technology. The developments have seen a trend known as Remote healthcare or previously known as Telemedicine As a result, this project was an attempt to solve a healthcare problem facing the society. The main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It was comprised of three main parts. The first part being detection of a fall, second being detection of Electrocardiogram commonly referred to as ECG or EKG(heartbeat detection) and the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing. Remote viewing of the data enables a doctor or health specialist to monitor a patient’s health progress away from hospital premises.

An A.C and D.C fluorescent tube is useful for emergency blackout as it works on D.C as well, this saves the production process under lightings. This project comprises A.C components as well as D.C components under improved conditions, this makes it useful in both urban and rural areas. When A.C power is off user can supply it with D.C power to light the house or place as well Although fluorescent lamp is a very efficient lighting device in daily life, still the high harmonic distortion and low power factor cause unnecessary energy consumption. In today’s environment demanding energy efficiency, it is important to reduce this energy loss by integrating an energy saving controller in the electromagnetic ballast of fluorescent lamps. The research presented in this thesis investigates the design and implementation of a new energy saving controller for electromagnetic fluorescent lamp network. The newly developed controller attempts to reduce power losses in both the electromagnetic ballasts and fluorescent lamps by regulating the incoming supply voltage to an optimum level. In addition, the new controller is able to adjust the illuminance level of working environment lightings under either dark or bright condition. Moreover, the function of the new controller is extended with time scheduling control capability, where the switching of lighting systems can be controlled at predetermined times based on occupancy schedule. Both simulation and practical results show that the implemented controller reduces energy consumption by at least 37.5%, by reducing the incoming supply voltage by 15%. In addition, it is desirable to have variable illuminance level control to decrease the energy losses. The experimental results show that the illuminance output level of electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps can be decreased by 50% using the new controller while maintaining unity power factor. Integration of the new energy saving controller into electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps impressively outperforms the existing electronic dimmable ballast. This new controller brings great ideas for energy saving in the use of fluorescent lamps. Keyword: energy saving, illuminance level control, voltage control, electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps

DC voltage step is a type of electrical circuit that has ability to convert 1.5v to 12 v DC from a 1.5 battery without necessitating the use of transformers or customized integrated circuits. The very center of this circuit is undoubtedly an oscillator created close to a couple of transistors (t1and t2) that regulates a coil.

Digital Visitor Counter is device or system that can read the incoming and outgoing agents or traffics that tends to visit or physically visit a place and. The system is proposed and designed in this paper that is the visitor counter that is bidirectional in feature which can read both the incoming and outgoing traffic and agents at same time securely. In this system, up to 999 incoming or outgoing visitors can be counted using microcontroller. Microcontroller is used here to make a secure count over a large number of visitors. This system is essentially required in many places where count for the visitors is needed by the administrator of that system. The design and demonstrations are produced in this paper.

The essential use of 12V lead acid batteries in automobile engines to power incorporated electrical appliances, and also the sudden failure of vehicle charging systems that often give rise to a drain of battery cells has necessitated the construction of battery chargers suitable for fully restoring the lost charge into the required 12V battery cells. Most 12V battery charging devices built for commercial services are usually heavy and bulky and lack a protection circuit and a sensitized control circuit required for automatic deactivation of charging once the battery is fully charged. In this new design product, the size of the battery charger was made portable and light in weight to enable end users to convey it as easily as possible. Short circuits and current reverse protection were incorporated as well. A sensitized control circuit was implemented to ensure that charging is terminated immediately when the battery is fully charged. This is to avoid the possible occurrence of overcharging that may result in loss of electrolytes. In this report the components used to actualize the design work were listed and the design specifications were tabulated with the circuit diagram well detailed. The operational principle of the built charger clearly explains how the design objectives were reached. An adopted formula with example on how to calculate the charging time of a battery when using the product was derived. Design limitations, recommendations, and conclusion were stated. Various relevant tests were conducted with its corresponding results tabulated. Finally, a well labeled image which lays out views of the completely constructed battery charger is attached in order to appreciate the effort and the value of the design work. (Keywords: AC power supply, rectification, charging, deactivation, full charge) Considering, the compact shape of the battery charger, with very low ventilation an extractor fan was incorporated to drive away hot air and moisture that would be generated inside the charger compartment during operation.

PROJECT TITILE: POLARITY GUARD FOR AC/DC ADAPTOR ABSTRACT The research aims at the designing and implementation of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) with high precision and hysteresis. The AC power supplied by KPLC (Kenya Power) subjected to variation from time to time. Moreover, in rural areas supplied voltage remains lower than specified. This causes a considerable threat to the sophisticated electronic device to the computer, refrigerator, television etc. So, ensuring the input voltage to remain in a tolerable pre-specified limit has become a necessity in rural as well as some urban areas. Current system available locally lack precision and suffers the problem oscillating between two output voltage and hence creating surge at the output which can damage valuable electronics. This project handles both shortcomings and introduces the tolerable range of 12 1 voltage output. MERIT The circuit is simple but useful for wall AC/DC adaptors where it is important to reduce ripples and noise, and improve transient response of the adaptors. It can also be used in a wide range of switching and analogue power supplies. The circuit has been developed for 26V and 19V wall adaptors, but by replacing some components, it can be used for other wall adaptors with output voltage starting from 5V. When input polarity is fixed, the bridge can be replaced with simple diodes depending on requirement.