This research aimed to examine the barriers emerging from organisational structure, communication strategies and management commitment to corporate strategy implementation. The independent variables within the framework were organisational structure, communication strategies and management commitment, and the dependent variable was corporate strategy implementation. The research used a case study design with a quantitative approach. A nonprobability sampling technique with a total population sampling procedure was used guided by the three specific objectives (i) To assess the influence of organisational structure on strategic leadership in managing corporate strategy implementation (ii) To determine the influence of communication strategies on strategic leadership in managing corporate strategy implementation at Safina Media Group and (iii) To identify the contributing factors to management commitment in facilitating corporate strategy implementation at Safina Media Group. The main data collection instrument was a questionnaire distributed to 55 workers in total, and all 55 usable responses were received and analysed through SPSS 25. The objectives of the study were achieved through descriptive analysis. The analysis revealed that the highest rated barriers to effective strategic leadership are the information management system, poor communication, innovativeness and technology (M = 2.31, DS = 0.99 and M = 3.3304, SD = 1.27 and M = 2.26, SD = 1.04 and 2.28, SD = 1.99) respectively. This could be interpreted that a poor information management system, poor communication, poor innovativeness and low technology form barriers to effective strategic leadership in corporate strategy implementation at Safina Media Group. The findings and conclusion give recommendations that Management needs to understand the importance of managing information, communication, and technological innovations in a long-term perspective. Staff should be given information to carry out their human resource activities as well as make individual holders of management positions aware of the consequences of weak relationships with any employee on corporate strategic implementation. Last but not least, this similar study should be carried out with other entities of similar characteristics for comparison of the findings obtained and the validity of outcomes.

COOP is struggling to improve and keep its service quality towards increase customers positive perceptions by providing and implementing like modern banking systems (core banking system, e-banking, mobile banking, and internet banking), technological instruments (ATM, POS) and other many banking services tools. However, there are some problems and difficulties observed on its service quality, handling of customers compliant, reliability, responsiveness and other services to apply effectively and efficiently as expected. (Co-operative bank of Kenya reviewed 2015/16 first quarter performance). In this regard, a research should be carried out on the service quality of COOP to fill the gap and give possible recommendation to make the customers more satisfied and the service delivery quality better. In light of the above discussion, it is deemed essential for COOP to be fully aware of its customer satisfaction in relation with the service offered to them. If COOP does not asses the magnitude of its customer actual perceptions of the service and make appropriate measure the result may have a direct impact on customer defection. COOP in the banking industry of the country should pay more attention for service quality to meet their customer’s expectation.

purpose of the study was to assess the credit management practice of Lion International S.C. The data were gathered from all staff of the head office Credit Management Department and twenty branch managers and customers’ relationship officer found in Nairobionly on the credit management practices of the bank in areas of securing credit facilities against collateral, credit management analysis/evaluation practice of the bank, concentration risk management practice of the bank and the practice of the bank’s credit follow-up and recovery. The questionnaire survey was undertaken among 65 employees of the bank and all were collected to assess the perception of credit management practices of the bank in relation to the above practices. Closed ended questions were used, particularly to reflect the views of the employees with regard to four practices.Descriptive research design with 5 levels Likert scale was used to measure variables of study. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, percentage and frequency using SPSS Version 20.0 software. The result from the survey shows that majority of the bank staff were explained their concern on weak collateral coverage of the bank loans, high concentration risk on export loan out of the total loan volume of the bank, weak credit analysis during approval and at same time poor follow-up and recovery activities. According to the survey the bank can reverse the potential risk by providing reasonable attention for collateral holding , developing moderate loan concentration between credit products, improving the competency of the credit follow-up and recovery division for quality loan management

The rapid changes in technological advancement implications are for companies to keep up with the trends and exploit them to their advantage. The manufacturing sector has been signaled as one of the industries that have been slow in its digital transformation. Kenya’s manufacturing sector has not been able to leverage digital transformation to enhance its performance and is behind in meeting its Vision 2030 goals. Therefore, this study assessed the influence of technological, organisational, and environmental factors on DT in Kenya’s manufacturing firms in the Nairobi region. The study was anchored on the technology organisation and environment (TOE) Framework and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory. A positivist research philosophy fits with the study’s objective and is thus adopted. A descriptive correlational design is used as the study aims to describe the association between factors that may influence digital transformation. The target population was 725 firms from which a sample size of 176 was selected as the units of analysis. In each of the 176 firms, a senior manager involved in strategy implementation was purposively and conveniently sampled. The data was gathered using a Likert scale-based questionnaire that waschecked for validity and reliability in a pilot study from which the internal consistency of items was assessed. The output indicated that technology, organisation, and environment factors together explained 47.5 % of the change in DT adoption in manufacturing firms and was significant at the 95 % confidence level. Independently, technological factors had a .577 positive and statistically significant effect on DT adoption. The study therefore concludes that increasing technological factors in manufacturing firms will contribute to an increase in DT adoption while organizational and environmental factors do not have any effects on DT adoption. the study recommends that manufacturing firms focus on using technology that has affords them a relative advantage over the existing technology.

This study is about assessing Credit risk management of Nib international Bank S.C to achieve the intended objective of the study, Descriptive research was employed. Purposive sampling techniques were used to focus on limited number of informants who have deep insight about the issue. Accordingly, the size of the sample ware 143 which include all city Branch Managers and loan officers, credit analysts, Follow-up officer Customer Relationship Manager and Controllers of the bank. Questionnaires and interview were used as a primary data gathering instrument while annual reports and information from book of account were used as an instrument to gather secondary data relevant for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Accordingly, the research found out that, credit risk policy and strategy of the bank is not renewed timely, the bank has no procedure to detect borrows associated with crime, internal risk rating system is not utilized to total portfolio and value and existence of collateral is not checked periodically Based on the findings the research suggest that, the bank should review its credit risk management strategy and policy periodically, develop policy enable to identify borrowers associated with crime and adjust its Management Information system in a manner it provide adequate information for decision makers.

The main target of the research was to measure and determine the effect of integrated marketing communication (IMC) on sales performance by Taking Keronche Brewery Nairobi plant as a case study and its branch office situated in Nairobi. Basically, integrated marketing communication is all about synchronizing or coordinating the five marketing communication tools for the best of marketing output. The five tools of IMC are, advertisement, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing and public relation. All the sales and marketing department staffs of the company are considered as target populations (census was taken), which were 240 in number out of which around 193 questionnaires were appropriately filled the rest 47 were not filled hence excluded from consideration. The collected data were processed through statistical package for social science (SPSS). Data obtained were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis to find out the magnitude and direction of each of the IMC tool in affecting sales performance. Based on the output of the multiple regression all the five elements of IMC, namely Advertisement, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing and public relation have positive and significant effect on the sales performance of Keronche Brewery Share Company. When it comes to the magnitude or the strength of the effect of the IMC tools on the sales performance of the firm the highest significance value is recorded by direct marketing and the lowest is for advertisement. Advertisement’s low significance value is found to be due to the government ban on advertising any alcoholic beverages through two of the most important broadcast advertisement means (TV and radio) and also through open air banners, which come in to effect in 2019. Therefore, it is recommended that the firm expected to find and engage in other contemporary advertising mediums such as social media advertisement not to lose its market positioning. The firm also doing its best to fulfil its corporate social responsibilities as a public relation activity but there is a gap in letting the public know about the firm’s public relation efforts so the company needs an extensive promotion of its public relation activities. The firm needs to maintain the effects of direct marketing and sales promotion since its effect on sales performance found to be significant and also needs to incorporate other tools to boost its sales promotion and direct marketing activities. Personal selling also has a significant effect on sales performance of the firm but still it needs much effort to improve its level of significance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alcoholism on the youths of Roka location, in Kilifi County. The study was guided by the research objectives which were; to identify the causes of alcoholism among the youths, to analyze the effects of alcoholism among the youths, to find out the measures that can be initiated to deal with the problem of alcoholism among the youths. The study will be of great significance as the effort to address alcoholism is the key for the community development. The study will cover all youths of Roka location and the information that will be acquired will facilitate the understanding of the causes of alcoholism. The study involved the literature review that showed the patterns of alcoholism in the World, in Africa and in Kenya. The theories that spearheaded the issue of alcoholism like; the Deviant and SocialDisorganization perspectives were also used. The study site was Roka location in Kilifi County and the adopted research design was the descriptive survey. Forty (40) respondents and ten (10) key informants were used for the study. The provision of information was through the Questionnaire and Interview methods. The research found that the factors leading to excessive alcohol consumption among the youths in the study area included; peer influence, unemployment, desire to reduce stress, and media influence. The effects of alcohol consumption to the youths according to the study findings were; school dropout, increased thefts, loss of jobs, committing suicide, wastage of money, increased stress, poor coordination, slurred speech, destruction of reproductive system, damage of; the brain, liver, kidney, and breast, contraction of HIV, and death. In relation to the measures used to address the problems of alcoholism, the research established that, both the Community and the Government measures were employed. In conclusion, the research pointed out that, excessive alcohol consumption has more negative effects as compared to the positive effects. Due to this therefore, the research spearheaded on the issue of exerting more efforts by the Community members and the Government. Apart from the efforts made by the community members and the Government, the research recommended that the County Government of Kilifi and the National Government should come up with policies to establish more Agricultural projects that could employ youths, train the village elders and the chiefs on the best ways of dealing with alcoholism, and also to come up with more rehabilitation centers. The roles of rehabilitation centers in dealing with excessive alcohol consumption are to be considered for further attitudes.

Despite the government's commitment to the ease of doing business, there has been debate over why small and medium-sized enterprises are experiencing a downward trend in business survival. Statistics from the Economic Survey of 2021 show that small and medium-sized enterprises have grown significantly in Kenya during the past 10 years, accounting for around 96 percent of all business enterprises in the country. However, 90% of new businesses fail to survive past their third anniversary. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of internal control systems on fraud detection and prevention among SMEs in Nairobi, Kenya; specifically to establish the effect of the control environment on fraud detection and prevention among SMEs in Nairobi, Kenya; to establish the effect of risk assessment mechanisms in fraud detection and prevention among SMEs in Nairobi Kenya; and, to establish the effect of monitoring in fraud detection and prevention among the SMEs in Nairobi Kenya. The study was anchored on Reliability and Fraud Diamond Theories. The study adopted an explanatory research design, also known as an experimental design. The group of interest was all the SMEs in the Nairobi Central Business District registered with Nairobi City County. According to the Nairobi City County License Register of 2021, there are 993 business enterprises in the Nairobi Central Business District with between 10 and 99 employees. Therefore, the target population of this study was 993 managers/owners of business enterprises in the Nairobi Central Business District. Yamane's (1967) formula was utilized to determine the sample size for the study in this circumstance. 400owners/managers from the target population served as the respondents for the study. Primary data was used in the study, and semistructured questionnaires were used to gather it. To evaluate the accuracy and dependability of the research instrument, a pilot test was carried out for the study. To assess this data, various data analysis techniques were used. Additionally, descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics, were used to examine the quantitativedata. SPSS version 28 was used to complete the data analysis task. The inferential statistics used were factor analysis and ordinal (ordered) logistic regression. The results were that there was a positive correlation between risk assessment and monitoring and fraud detection and prevention among SMEs in Nairobi Kenya. However, there was a weak correlation between the control environment and fraud detection and prevention among SMEs in Nairobi, Kenya. This study contributes to theory by building on the theoretical framework such as the Fraud Diamond theory and improving on the understanding of internal control systems, and the possible effect ICS could have on fraud detection and prevention. Empirically, the study guides management practices by giving insights on how to close the gaps in accounting requirements and other laws that SMEs employ to manipulate profits and deceive investors. The findings of this study were limited to the ICS components of the COSO framework. The study was also limited to data collected using an explanatory research design yet fraud detection and prevention may be affected by technological advancements and unprecedented occurrences which may affect how business is carried out in organizations.

The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of internal controls in credit unions in Kisii County. The study used cross-sectional descriptive survey. It was conducted in Kisii County for the staff/workers, management and the clients of Shama Co-operative Credit Union and Work place credit union. Simple random was employed to select 102 workers each from the various credit unions, however, purposive sampling was used to select 2 management officials each from various credit unions to form part of the study, thus, 208 respondents in all. Questionnaire and structured interviews were the main data collection instruments. The questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages, however, the recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim, organised, presented in themes based on the research objectives. It was found out that respondents were negligence on the one responsible for setting up the internal control system in the credit unions. Also, there was no procurement policy and procurement committee in the credit unions in the metropolis. However, the major challenges in the implementation of internal controls in the various credit unions include; resistance to change, human factor and lack of independence, inadequate resources and wrongful application of findings by management of credit unions. On the other hand, possible solutions for sound and effective implementation of internal controls included; adequate training on internal controls for workers and management, effective monitoring and evaluations intermittently and given out operational policies and manuals to members in order to ensure effective implementation of internal controls.

Researchers and practitioners continue to explore the drivers of firm performance. One relevant emerging research domain is the influence of employee intrapreneurial orientation on firm performance which has hitherto focused mainly on large enterprises in developed countries. Considering the critical role of small enterprises in national development and the numerous challenges that hinder their performance, this study sought to examine the effects of innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk taking propensity, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness of employees on small enterprise performance in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana and the possible moderating effect of employee commitment. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and a predictive research design. The convenience sampling technique was employed. Data were obtained through the administration of questionnaires using a sample size of 320 employees of small enterprises in the Sunyani Municipality. The results of structural equation modelling revealed that proactiveness, risk-taking propensity, autonomy and competitive aggressiveness of employees had significant effects on the performance of small enterprises. Furthermore, employee commitment as a moderating variable has a significant effects on the relationship between pro-activeness and competitive aggressiveness of employees and small enterprise performance respectively. As a recommendation, small enterprise owners should reorganise their employees’ activities to include more intrapreneurial activities and further focus on various aspects of commitment among employees as it has a significant effect on employee intrapreneurial orientation and small enterprise performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of trade finance operation on the financial performance of Equity Bank as representative of the commercial banking industry. Its objectives were to describe the trade finance revenue streams of the Bank and establish the relationship between the dependent variable i.e. return on asset and the independent variables,Fees and commission, interest income, Foreign exchange trading income and capital adequacy as moderating variable. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were used and the target population comprised on Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Data was collected from reports of the EB spans from 2006 to 2021 for sixteen years of the Bank’s operations. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version22. Descriptive and inferential methods helped incoming up with statistical results from the quantitative data. The findings revealed that interest income, non-interest income and foreign exchange trading income had been increasing over the years although there were slight fluctuations. The total Capital and the total assets had also been increasing over the years although there have been slight fluctuations. There was a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between fees and commission, interest income, foreign exchange trading income with return on asset of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. It was concluded that income sources of trade finance, that is, foreign exchange gain were key in enhancing the financial performance of EB. The study recommends that trade finance operation shall give further attention to SME and micro customer to further leverage the performance of the Bank.

This study was conducted with an objective of identifying the effect of supply chain management on performance of an organization in the case of East African Bottling Share Company. Supply chain management has become a valuable way of securing competitive advantage by improving organizational performances since competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains. This research conceptualizes and develops five dimensions of supply chain management practices which are strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing, and internal lean practices and tests the relationships between supply chain management practices and organizational performance. The researcher used descriptive and explanatory research design. The data for the study was collected from 97 employees of East African Bottling Share Company. The relationships proposed in the framework were tested by Pearson correlation and the causal relations were analyzed by ordinary least square regression method by using SPSS Software. From the result of the analysis it is concluded that there is a strong relationship between supply chain management practices and organizational performance. Supply chain management practices have shown a positive and significant effect on performance of organization, all except internal lean practices. Therefore, in order to achieve growth in organizational performance, it is frugal for the organization to give due emphasis to the constructs of supply chain management practices.

Employee performance is a critical component of the success and effectiveness of community-based organizations in Laikipia County, Kenya. However, there are several challenges that hinder optimal performance in these organizations. One significant issue affecting employee performance is the limited access to training and development opportunities. Hence the need to conduct a study on the effect of skills development on post covid-19 pandemic employee performance in community based non-governmental organizations in Laikipia County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the effect of upskilling, cross skilling, reskilling and retooling on employee performance in community based organizations in Laikipia County, Kenya. This study was informed by human capital theory, cognitive theory of multimedia learning and technology acceptance model. This study adopted an exploratory research design. The unit of analysis was six community-based organizations in Laikipia County. The unit of observation was 151 employees working with the six community-based organizations in Laikipia County. The sample size was 110 respondents drawn from the six organizations calculated using the formula developed by Taro Yamane. Data was collected using questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted to test the data collection instruments for their reliability while validity was tested through subjecting it to subject matter experts. From the findings the Cronbach Alpha was between 0.706 and 0.838 implying that the research instrument was reliable. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages and means, and inferential statistics including correlation and regression analysis using SPSS. The findings revealed that there is a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation between upskilling and employee performance in community-based organizations in Laikipia County, (r = 0.543; p < 0.05). In addition, the findings revealed that there is a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation between cross skilling and employee performance in community-based organizations in Laikipia County, (r = 0.643; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the findings revealed that there is a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation between reskilling and employee performance in community-based organizations in Laikipia County, (r = 0.443; p < 0.05). Finally, the findings indicated that there was a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation between retooling and employee performance in community-based organizations in Laikipia County, (r = 0.654; p < 0.05). The study also concluded that as a result of being provided with an opportunity for retraining employees are more committed to the organization. The study also concluded that as a result of being provided with an opportunity for reskilling employees are more committed to the organization. The study also concluded that new technologies and working processes reduced errors at work. From the findings, the study recommended that training programs should address specific challenges faced by these organizations. Moreover, community-based organizations should design comprehensive training programs that expose employees to various aspects of community-based work. Finally, the study recommended that organizations should emphasize digital literacy and technology-driven skills to align with the evolving landscape of community development. The findings are significant to policy makers, practitioners and stakeholders in adjusting workforce development and capacity building initiatives.

Globally true magnitude of child sexual abuse is hidden because of its sensitive and illegal nature. Most children and families do not report cases of abuse and exploitation because of stigma, fear and lack of trust in the authorities. This study aims at establishing the effect of child sexual abuse on school performance among secondary school students in Mavoko Sub County, Machakos County. The objectives of this study were to examine the forms of CSA, the effect of CSA on school performance, social behaviour of CSA and school retention rate of CSA. The study was based on the descriptive-survey design. The target population was 3486 form three students divided into 14 strata that is corresponding to each of the 14 public secondary schools. Only 10% of students in form three (3) per school were targeted and to make a sample size be 84. The data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and interviews to school’s principals which were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics such as: frequencies, percentages and means were calculated. Inferential statistics such as (Multiple Regression Analysis) were used to test the relationships between the independent (academic performance, social behaviour performance and school retention) and the dependent variables (forms of sexual abuse). The findings of the study show that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of sexual abuse and the practice of various forms of sexual abuse (r=0.872, p<0.05). The most common forms of sexual abuse were verbal sexual abuse, involuntary kissing, or being sexually touched. There were also cases of attempted oral, anal or vaginal penetration. Further, some students were forced to watch pornographic pictures, drawings, films, videotapes, or magazines The findings also show that there was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and school social behaviour performance (r=0.909, p<0.05). Sexual abuse led to various negative school social behaviours. It meant that some of the students did not trust other people, felt lonely, and experienced stressful inner tension. It also led to mood rapidly changing in terms of anxiety, anger, and depression. There was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and academic performance (r=0.920, p<0.05). Due to sexual abuse, some of the students did not feel interested in classwork and, did not concentrate on class activities. Most of them were also not happy with academic performance and were always absent-minded in class. Pearson correlation analysis also showed a significant relationship between sexual abuse and school retention (r=0.933, p<0.05). Sexual abuse made some students feel that nobody cared about them in school and some decided to drop out. Some felt vulnerable and felt out of place in school. They never felt at ease in school and often decided to drop out. There were instances of students dropping out of school after being sexually abused due to pregnancy, stigma, early marriages, and stigma among others. The study recommends the need to put in place measures aimed at educating students on some of the disregarded forms of sexual abuse. The school administration should promptly identify and curb the tolerance of some of these forms of abuse among students. Counselling measures should be enhanced to check the negative psychological effects of child sexual abuse such as negative school social behaviour. Students who were victims of sexual abuse should be encouraged to remain in school.

focus has over time been on competitiveness and productivity. Remote working has also been adopted to allow employees work from home. In such arrangement, workforce welfare is neglected and various health problems are reported, causing less employee engagement, morale, and dissatisfaction and suboptimal outputs. Consequently, even the adoption of technology turns out counterproductive in firms. This study sought to determine the effect of remote working on employee wellness by analyzing employees in non-governmental organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study's specific objectives were to determine the effect of job-related factors, organizational factors, and work-life balance on employee wellness. The study followed a positivist research paradigm and applied a crosssectional descriptive research design to quantitatively describe the relationships between the study variables. From the total population of 80,229 employees in the registered nongovernmental organizations in Kenya, a sample of 398 was targeted. To achieve adequate response rate, the study targeted 7 respondents, which is 1 senior-level, 3 mid-level and 3 junior-level employees from each of the 60 international and national non-governmental organizations based in Nairobi County. Therefore, stratified random sampling was employed for an even representation of the 60 organizations. A convenient sampling technique was applied to choose participants based on availability. A pilot study targeting 40 employees from 6 organizations in Kiambu County was conducted. The firms used for pilot testing were not considered during the actual research. Adequate research quality concerning validity and reliability was achieved through Cronbach’s alpha. Data was analysed through SPSS. Regression analysis results indicated a weak relationship between the independent variables: job-related factors, organizational factors and work-life balance and the employee wellness. Based on coefficients, both Job-related and organizational factors were significant at 0.05 significant level. Similarly, work-life balance had a positive, statistically significant influence on employee wellness. The study concludes that job-related factors, organizational factors, and work-life balance have a weak joint effect on employee wellness. Work-life balance has a positive, statistically significant correlation with employee wellness while job-related and organizational factors have significant influence on employee wellness. Organizations should enhance job-related and organizational factors to enhance employee work-life balance which in turn improves employee wellness. Further research can be implemented to test the mediational role of work-life balance in the relationship between job-related and organizational factors and employee wellness.

The objective of the study is to examine the effect of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Job Satisfaction of Equity Bank S.C. In addition, the study consider independent variables which are Altruism, Consciousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy and Civic virtue and dependent variable Job Satisfaction to determine whether a relationship exist between the variables. In order to attest the study objectives the researcher uses both descriptive & explanatory survey design. A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed to Equity Bank staff out of which 125 was used. The respondents were selected using proportionate stratified sampling technique. The questionnaire was tested for its reliability and found to be reliable enough to study the research questions. The data collected from the survey was analyzed using SPSS software and presented in the form of descriptive data analysis, correlations and logistic Regression Analysis. The finding of the study indicates that there is significant positive relation between the dependent and independent variables. The researcher proved that the entire hypotheses weren’t supported except one. The researcher concluded that that all predictors except one have insignificant effect on JS. Altruism, civic virtue, courtesy, sportsmanship and conciseness respectively. The study recommended some basic points such as; holding regular training programs, cultivating a good working relationship, devising policies that contribute to staff well beings and encouraging voluntary activities that go beyond the formal obligations of employees.

Mobile money has become a popular payment method for many Kenyan businesses. The goal of this study was to determine how mobile money merchant services affected the financial performance of small and medium-sized businesses. Nakuru is a city in Kenya. The specific goals were to determine the effect of affordability of mobile money merchant services on the performance of small and medium enterprises, the effect of availability of mobile money merchant services on the performance of small and medium enterprises, the effect of effectiveness of mobile money merchant services on the performance of small and medium enterprises, and the impact of Value Added Services available on mobile money platforms on the performance of small and medium enterprises. The theories underpinning the study were; Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT). The study adopted explanatory survey design based on cause-effect relationship. The study targeted 12,250 licensed SMEs Mobile Money Merchants operating in Nakuru City. The study sampled 221 Small and Medium Mobile Money Merchant enterprises using stratified sampling technique. Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru City were chosen using simple random sampling. The study relied on primary data gathered through structured questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The data was analyzed using regression analysis technique. The information was then presented in the form of frequency tables and figures. The study established that the effectiveness of Mobile Money Merchant Services had no effect on the financial performance of Kenyan Small and Medium Enterprises. Mobile Money services, according to the study, are becoming increasingly popular in many countries as a convenient, secure, and cost-effective way to make payments and transfers. The study recommends that the governments should create and enforce legislation that regulates and safeguards the use of Mobile Money services in order to ensure their safety and security.

order to ensure the building stability, it was necessary to determine the adequate dimensions of structural elements; this project deals with the calculation and design of reinforced concrete structure. Several figures and tables have been used to illustrate the text and contribute to a better understanding of the subject matter. The proposed apartment building is 23.25 m x 18 m dimensions. It is three-storey building and it has bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms and bathrooms. The height of each floor is 3.20 m. All the building members (slabs, columns, foundations and stair) are calculated by analytical method by using the basic knowledge in civil engineering. The height of the beam is 55 cm; its width is 20 cm whereas the width of flange is 90.7 cm for longitudinal beams. The maximum and minimum bar of reinforcement bar at top for all beams is Ø16 the same to the reinforcement at bottom. The critical panel of slab was designed, slab thickness is 15cm the maximum size of reinforcement bar is Ø12mm .The high loaded column was designed and the maximum reinforcement bar size is Ø25mm.Links of Ø8 mm at 300 mm center to center were provided to hold main reinforcement bars. Foundation were designed by considering the bearing capacity Pb= 320 KN/m2 and designed upper load from columns. Each designed foundation is 200*200*50 cm and the maximum reinforcement bar is Ø20 mm in foundation. In order to provide access from floor to next floor stair was designed .Going of stair is 300 mm, riser is 150 mm, the flight height is 160 cm and its pitch is 29.530, that stair is reinforced by Ø16 mm.

aim of the study was to examine the employee participation in decision making and its impact on the organizational performance of SCIK. Informative, consultative, administrative, associative, and decisive participation levels; and formal and informal participation of employees in decision making, participative decision making, and representative participation of employees in decision making were identified as an independent variable in this study. The research has followed quantitative research approach, survey as a strategy, and structured questionnaire adopted from previous related works as data collection instrument. The research used descriptive and explanatory research design. The data was collected from the employees of SCIK across the existing occupational levels working at the head office, Nairobi, Kenya . Proportionate stratified sampling method along with random sampling techniques was applied to identify respondents proportionately across the occupational levels. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to gather data. The study has utilized a statistical tool called SPSS V.25 for doing the analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing and presenting the data. In addition to this, inferential statistical tools such as correlation, and regression analysis were utilized for examining the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study revealed that associative and informative participations; and representative participation are the most practiced levels and types of employee participation in SCIK. The study found that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between all independent variables and dependent variable; and all independent variables have a significant impact on the organizational performance of SCIK. The study concludes that, among the identified independent variables, there is strongest relationship between informative participation level and organizational performance of SCIK followed by participative decision making and formal and informal participation of employees in decision making respectively. In contrary, consultative, and associative participation levels have the least impact on the organizational performance of SCIK. The study recommends that SCIK should focus on implementing all dimensions of types of employee participation in decision making to enhance the performance of the organization.

This research project was undertaken to develop architectural plans and structural details for a G+5 building in Nyamira District, Nyamira Sector, . The project aims to contribute to Kenya’s development by designing a well-planned residential apartment and commercial structure that optimizes space utilization while adhering to regulatory standards. The study looks at both how the building is designed and how it' structurally designed, taking into designing and British standard codes for structural planning. the results showed that the architectural design of the mixed use building is composed by five stories, the building had a height of 18 meters, a length of 52.949 meters and width of 46.750 meters and features critical elements such as a 6.35m*4.4m slab panel, a 46.550m long beam, a 40cm*40cm column, and a 2.5m*2.5m footing. the structural design of this project showed that the design of the slab provided has a thickness with bars of 16 mm diameter top reinforcements spaced at 200mm and 16mm diameter bottom steel reinforcements at 200mm. while for critical beam the designed steel reinforcements were 2T16 at the top distribution steel reinforcements and 3T16at bottom and all of the bars were tied up with 8mm links spaced at 200mm. and for column the designed steel reinforcement was 6T25 from ground floor to first story, 4T25 from the first floor to second floor, 4T20 from second to third floor, 4T16 from third floor to fifth floor all of the bars tied up with 8mm links spaced at 200mm. while for stair the designed steel reinforcement was T12 at 300mm within the flight and T12 at 100mm within the landing. The concrete pad footing had bars of 16mm reinforcements in all direction spaced at 150mm. This proposed building consists of two sections: a residential apartment complex and a commercial area. Both parts are integrated into a single structure. The residential section includes a total of 20 units, each with living rooms, dining areas, bathrooms, and bedrooms. The commercial section features 38 shops, spanning from the ground floor to the top floor.