At the very beginning, knowledge was studied under the general framework of Philosophy. There were no branches or divisions like Science or Arts. In fact the Greek meaning of the word Philosophy is made up of the words: “Philos” meaning “To love” “Sophis” meaning “Wisdom” Thus, a philosopher is a person who loves wisdom.

Record keeping: Ledger, income statement, balance sheet, assets and liabilities, analysis of simple financial statements; Interest: simple and compound interests, calculation of discounts and commissions, depreciation, future value of an investment (FV), annuities; Budgeting: personal and simple budgets, financial projections, simple investment analysis, cost of capital, working capital expenditure, balance of payments, balance of trade, Gross national product (GNP), Gross domestic product (GDP); Index numbers; meaning of index number, price relative index, types of index numbers, calculation of index numbers, uses of index numbers; Taxation: purpose, types of taxes, calculation of personal income tax,. Value added tax (VAT), Stock exchange: shares, bond, stock market, share valuation.

Auditing is the independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, and irrespective of its size or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with a view to expressing an opinion thereon.

Commerce is study related to distribution of products from the producer (point of production) to the consumer (point of consumption).

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to purchasing and supply management concepts and techniques necessary to perform the purchasing function of an organization.

The International Marketing Entry Evaluation Process is a five stage process, and its purpose is to gauge which international market or markets offer the best opportunities for our products or services to succeed.

Social policy is an activity that tries to formulate, implement a solution to solve social problem. The propose of teaching their subject is to equip trainees with knowledge, skills and attitude to enable them understand know how social policies are made and administered for one achievement of goal, it also help to examine organization structure and involve themselves in implementing policy into programme and access their effectiveness.

While the law is indeed complex, certain basic principles and procedures can be established that will minimize a manager’s chances of encountering legal difficulty. Law affects every aspect of our lives. Law governs our conduct form the cradle to the grave. In fact, the influence of law extends form even before our birth and after our death.

For community practitioners to be effective in their work, they need to understand some of the key concepts used in community development. The concepts include: community, development, mobilization, participation, empowerment, sustainability, social change, integrated development, culture, volunteerism and philanthropy. This session introduces participants to these concepts which are important in the performance of their roles

Site Analysis † prior to purchasing a building site it is essential to conduct a thorough survey to ascertain whether the site characteristics suit the development concept

Masonry works: Manufacture of concrete blocks, bricks, stone dressing. Return angles; jointing and bedding of construction materials. Setting out. Partitioning. Cut stone, dressing and laying. Precautions. Creating opening in masonry walls. Fixtures and fittings to masonry walls. Tools and quality of workmanship. Workshop practice. Appropriate technology manufacture of compressed stabilized earth blocks, sisal cement, roofing sheets and tiles, water storage tanks and new products.

This course introduces learners to key concepts, theories and frameworks for analyzing social policy. The ideological, theoretical and values basis of social policy are examined with a view to understanding how they shape social policy locally, regionally and globally. Selected case studies of social policy interventions in Kenya are also examined.

People live in relationship. Their problems arise partially from the relationships in which they live - the words and actions that bind or divide them in relation to others. However, the also carry within them their internalizations of other people: their self-esteem and self-concept are influenced by how others acted towards them. Clients (individual & group) enter the counselling room under the influence of their present companions and the historical companions who were their family of origin.

If there is any topical issue that is rampant and dominates our everyday intellectual excursion and discussion or creating waves daily in the media, it is the problem of moral decadence among the youths. In fact, the problem, which initially was gradual in bites has now, attained the level that can best be described as the incurable cancer disease, the tentacles of which have spread into the nooks and crannies of the country.

A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, society, or humanity at large.[. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, "community" may also refer to large group affiliations such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities.[3]

The physical characteristics of the site and its immediate environment will influence the decisions to be made about a buildings design and construction. the information gathered from a thorough site analysis is, therefore, a vital exercise and must be completed before any design or construction work commences

In the interpratation rules, unless the context otherwise requires— “applicant” means the owner, lessee or occupier, of land or premises and includes his duly authorized agent or representative; “building” has the meaning assigned to it by section 3 of the Act; “building line” means a line drawn across a plot such that no building or permanent structure, except a wall of approved design enclosing the plot, may be within the area contained between that line and the nearest road on which the plot has frontage; “business or commercial area” means any area or zone wherein the building will be permitted of business and commercial premises and such other building as the Director of Physical Planning may approve and includes land used as open space or other public place;

The course reinforces aspects of positive change in behaviour that includes attitudes and problems as a result of misconduct. It explores ways in which behaviour may be said to be pathological and consequently the need for desirable positive amendment in behaviour and the ways this can be improved or brought about, as well as intervention techniques that can be used for this purpose. The course further seeks insight and special attention to the relationships between counsellor and client in transforming behaviour in therapy as well as general psychology including dealing with children, adolescence, mid-life crisis and adults. The influence of the therapist, the power of the counsellor – client relationship and their effects on psychological management are highlighted.

Financial Controls are processes, policies and procedures that are implemented to manage finances. It is the control of financial resources as they flow into the organization.They play a role in achieving an organization's financial goals. Controls may be implemented with accountabilities, responsibilities and automation.

HRM ensures that highly skilled and qualified employees with the abilities to perform specific tasks are recruited, placed, trained, developed, and motivated to ensure that their maximum potential is tapped.