A burn is an injury to the skin or any other organ tissue, primarily caused by exposure to heat, radiation, electricity, excess friction and contact with chemicals. • Young children especially those less than 5 years of age are at a high risk for burns and have the highest mortality rate among the paediatric population (burns are the leading cause of death from unintentional injury among children, 1- 4 years). • Most burn related injuries in children result in death; extensive burns, however, can result in serious body deformation and disfigurement • Carbon monoxide poisoning often occurs in conjunction with burns, children and infants being at a greater risk as compared to adults.

This is name given collectively to a group of Haemoglobin S abnormalities. • The haemoglobin S is recessive and can only be inherited from both parents, symptoms manifest in those with homozygous [HbSS], normal haemoglobin trait is [HbA] • This is a condition arising from a mutation in the haemoglobin [HbS] leading to the red blood cells being sickle shaped and decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity. This is also hereditary, parents with the sickle cell trait have a 25% of having a child with sickle cell disease

The main feature of this level is a broad curriculum for the learner to explore talents, interests and abilities before selection of pathways and tracks at the Senior Secondary education

This document discusses various methods for performance appraisal in organizations. It describes traditional methods like confidential reports, ranking, and graphical rating scales. It also outlines modern methods such as management by objectives, assessment centers, and behaviorally anchored rating scales. The key steps in performance appraisal are establishing standards, communicating standards, measuring actual performance, comparing performance to standards, and taking corrective actions if needed. Performance appraisal aims to systematically evaluate employee performance and potential for development.

Performance Appraisal is systematic or formal evaluation of an employee’s performance over a given period of time.

History of education is the study of the past educational development especially of education systems, theories and institutions within the general historical context of social economic political or cultural scientific and technological change

NOTES FOR ALL YEAR

Grade 3 mathematics activities term 1-updated lesson plans

GRADE 1 KISWAHILI UPDATED LESSON PLANS- KARIBU DARASANI

Is an act of giving a treatment, such as drug, to a patient. It includes the way it given, the dose or how often it is given. Drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules tablets or chewable. Understanding the rights of drug administration can help a nurse to provide effective and appropriate medication to a patient without any medication errors, ignoring these rights may lead to severe pain, sufferings and even death to the patients. Nurses, who primarily involved in the administration of drugs “medication”, benefit from this simplified memory aid to help them to administer medications safely with high quality.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition where airways become inflamed thus they narrow, swell and produce extra mucus causing difficulty in breathing, recurring episodes of wheezing , chest tightness and coughing.

Body fluids contain water and solutes, the solutes are electrolytes e.g. Na+, K+, Cl- and non electrolytes e.g. glucose and urea. Osmolality is the concentration of solutes (electrolytes and proteins) per liter. Fluid homeostasis is present when fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained despite variation in dietary intake, metabolic rate and renal function.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female genitalia or any other injury to the female genital organs or any harmful procedure to the female genitalia, for non-medical reasons and includes clitoridectomy, excision and infibulations but does not include a sexual reassignment or a medical procedure that has a genuine therapeutic purpose.(NATIONAL ADOLESCENT SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH POLICY 2015 ) • Comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury tothe female genital organs whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons.(WHO)

Although the skull appears to be 1 large bone, there are actually several major bones that are connected together. The major bones that compose the skull of a newborn include the following: 2 frontal bones 2 parietal bones 1 occipital bone These bony plates cover the brain and are held together by fibrous material called sutures. Sutures allow the bones to move during the birth process. They act like an expansion joint. This allows the bone to enlarge evenly as the brain grows and the skull expands. The result is a symmetrically shaped head. Some sutures extend to the forehead, while others extend to the sides and back of the skull. One suture in the middle of the skull extends from the front of the head to the back.

External genitalia (vulva) Consists of: Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vaginal orifice Vestibule Hymen Vestibular glands

A newborn baby's first examination is a physical assessment that evaluates the baby's health and looks for any congenital abnormalities or disease. The exam is performed by a doctor or specialist midwife within the first 72 hours of birth

Ethics: The word ethics is derived from a Greek term `ethos’ which means customs, convention or the spirit of a community. The word can be used interchangeably with the term morals a Latin word, both of which refer to social customs regarding Nursing Ethics. Bioethics: This is the application of general ethical principles to healthcare. Bioethics and Nursing Ethics both deal with ethical issues in Clinical practice, Research, Allocation of resources and Policy formulation and implementation. Nursing Ethics This is a system of principles governing the conduct of a nurse. It deals with the relationship of the nurse to the patient, the patient’s family, associates and fellow nurses and society at large. Nursing Ethics is derived/ expressed through: the law, institutional policies/ practices, and policies of professional organizations and professional standards of care.

Safe nursing practice requires understanding the legal framework of health care. Understanding the legal implications of nursing practice demands critical reasoning skills to protect the patient’s rights and the nurse from liability. Society expects safe health care delivery, especially from nurses who are typically perceived as the most trusted profession. As patient care practice innovations and new health care technologies emerge, the principles of negligence and malpractice liability are being applied to challenging new situations. Nurses should not fear the law but instead practice nursing armed with the judgment skills that are the outcomes of informed critical thinking.

Respiratory muscles are stimulated to contract by the respiratory center in the medulla. • The medulla receives input from chemoreceptors to increase the rate and/or depth of respiration to maintain homeostasis in the body. • Drugs that affect the respiratory system work to keep the airways open and gases moving efficiently

The nervous system controls the body, analyzes external stimuli, and integrates internal and external responses to stimuli. • The neuron, comprising a cell body, dendrites and an axon, is the functional unit of the nervous system. • Dendrites route information to the nerve, and axons take the information away.