Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing has been a leading book in pediatric nursing since it was first published almost 40 years ago. This kind of support places immense accountability and responsibility on us to earn your future endorsement with each new edition. So, with your encouragement and constructive comments, we offer this extensive revision, the tenth edition of Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing. This tenth edition continues the legacy of Donna Wong and David Wilson; our beloved colleagues. We hold dear their contributions and memories of their pursuit of excellence in all they did for the Wong textbooks.

Definition: topical agents are those substances, which are applied to body surface including applications within the mucous membranes of body cavities • These are the compounds that act locally with skin or mucous membrane mainly by mechanical or physical manner. • Use of topical agents for treatment of dermatologic disorders is not only convenient but also minimizes systemic adverse effects

The third stage (3rd stage) of labour is the period from the birth of the baby through to expulsion of the placenta and membranes and ends with the control of bleeding

The sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial drugs that are pharmacologically used as broad spectrum for the treatment of bacterial infections. • Sulfonamides include sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine and cotrimoxazole. • Cotrimoxazole is a combination drug that contains sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, another antibacterial drug.

These are a class of medications that are used as antidepressants. They work by increasing levels of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter in the brain. SSRIs are prescribed to treat various mental health conditions that includes major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorders. Some commonly prescribed SSRIs include fluoxetine(Prozac), sertraline(Zoloft), paroxetine(paxil).

Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) is an approach that; Focuses on the interpersonal aspect of maternity care. Emphasizes the fundamental rights of the mother, newborn and families, including protecting the mother and the baby Recognizes that all childbearing women need and deserve respectful care and protection of the women’s right to choice and preferences

The period after delivery of the baby and placenta upto 6 weeks postnatally. During this time, a number of physiological and psychological changes take place. 1. Lactation is established 2. The relationship between mother and baby begins 3. The mother recovers from the stresses of pregnancy and delivery 4. The reproductive organs return to their non gravid state 5. All physiological changes that occur in pregnancy are reversed.

Schizophrenia, which has a genetic association is characterized by hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, speech abnormalities, and emotional problems. • Mania, with its associated bipolar illness is characterized by periods of extreme overactivity, aggression and excitement

A profession is an occupational group with a set of attitudes, behaviors, or both. A profession requires advanced specialized training and the professionals must meet specified criteria. A Professional Nurse This is a person who has successfully undergone a prescribed nurse training program has passed a licensing examination and has been registered by the regulatory body, in our context the Nursing Council of Kenya.

Pregnancy The period from conception to delivery when a fetus develops in a woman’s uterus/womb • It takes 9 months in human beings and the season in normally divided into 3 trimesters for the sake of care • The period is bombarded with changes that bring about special needs for the mother and family • The level of intension for the pregnancy spells the probability of the best possible outcomes

A patient has the following rights: To be informed of the name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects of a medication To refuse a medication regardless of the consequences To have qualified nurses or physicians assess a medication history, including allergies and use of herbals To be properly advised of the experimental nature of medication therapy and give written consent for its use

Formation of the female gamete cell known as ovum • Occurs within the ovarian cortex • Developing ovum is supported by follicular cells • A mature follicle is known as Graafian • Begins before the female fetus is born(prenatally) • Cell division is arrested at prophase 1 stage and fertilization is a requirement for the completion of the 2 nd meiotic cell division • Process is completed in the menstrual cycles after puberty

Preconception care is defined as a set of interventions aimed at identifying and modifying the risk factors, whenever possible (demographic and medical variables), directly or indirectly related to factors causing malformations or a poor perinatal outcome. • Preconception nutrition refers to dietary and lifestyle practices that individuals should adopt before pregnancy to optimize reproductive health and overall well-being.

Each discipline has a unique focus for knowledge development that directs its inquiry and distinguishes it from other fields of study. Nursing knowledge is the inclusive total of the philosophies, theories, research, and practice wisdom of the discipline. As a professional discipline this knowledge is important for guiding practice. Theory-guided, evidence-based practice is the hallmark of any professional discipline.

Nursing process, as a problem solving method, is a discipline specific version of critical thinking. Traditionally, nurses have used a problem solving approach in planning and providing nursing care. Today the decision-making part of problem solving has become increasingly complex and requires critical thinking. Nursing process is a systematic rational method of planning and providing individualized quality nursing care to an Individual, Family and Community. It provides a systematic guide or method to assist nurses and students to develop a style of thinking that leads to appropriate clinical judgment.

Jaundice is the yellow color of the skin and sclerae caused by deposits of bilirubin

Statistics is the branch of mathematics that involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. It provides tools and methods to summarize data, identify patterns, and draw meaningful conclusions, often under conditions of uncertainty. By using statistical techniques, researchers can make informed decisions, test hypotheses, and predict future trends. Statistics is broadly divided into two areas: descriptive statistics, which focuses on summarizing and visualizing data, and inferential statistics, which uses sample data to make generalizations or predictions about a larger population. It plays a critical role in various fields, including science, business, healthcare, and social sciences.

HTML forms are a fundamental feature of web development that allow users to input and submit data to a web server. Forms are created using the <form> element, which can contain a variety of input fields like text boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, dropdowns, and buttons. These elements enable users to interact with the page and provide information such as login credentials, search queries, or feedback. The data entered into a form is sent to a server for processing when the form is submitted, typically via HTTP methods like GET or POST. Forms are integral to creating dynamic, interactive, and user-friendly web applications.

Expectation and Variance are fundamental concepts in probability and statistics. The expectation (or expected value) of a random variable represents its theoretical average over an infinite number of trials, essentially summarizing the central tendency of its probability distribution. It is calculated as the weighted sum of all possible values of the variable, where the weights are their respective probabilities. Variance, on the other hand, measures the dispersion or spread of the random variable around its expectation. It quantifies how much the values deviate, on average, from the mean, and is calculated as the expected value of the squared differences between the variable and its mean. Together, expectation and variance provide a comprehensive understanding of a random variable’s behavior, highlighting both its central value and the variability around it.

Sample questions