Sociology is the scientific study of the human interaction. It is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. It focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships on people's attitudes and behavior and on how societies are established and change. [e.g., Tattoo, piercing]

Nutrition and Longevity • Good nutrition and regular physical activity can increase life expectancy, support good health, prevent or prolong the onset of disease, and improve the quality of life. • There are many healthy habits that can increase life span. • A person’s physiological age and chronological age may be different. • The benefits of energy restriction in humans in the later years are being studied.

A theory is a set of assumptions, principles, propositions, or accepted facts that attempts to provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause-and-effect (causal) relationships among a group of observed phenomenon.

In this first lesson, we lay the foundation for the entire course by defining the concept adult development and aging. Of importance are the differences between gerontology and geriatrics and the general lifespan development which takes place in adult life. The knowledge acquired in this lesson will make you learn how to handle the elderly in a way that they deserve.

The fundamental purpose of this module is to provide an understanding of the role media in public policy. The public policy trends will be highlighted as they are, both historical and current interaction. In addition the course will find out how public policy is deliberated and analyzed by the media, as well as the advantages and challenges that come along with digital media and the 24/7 news cycle.

Economics is a social science which studies allocation of scarce resources which have alternative uses among competing and limitless wants of the consumer in the society. It therefore concerns the way people apply knowledge, skills and effort to satisfy human wants or provide for material well being. Human wants – Refer to peoples’ desire for goods and services and circumstances that enhance material well being. Economics resources – These are ingredients available for providing goods and services. They are also called factors of production which include land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship. A resource must be scarce and have money value. Resources are categorized as either natural or manmade i. Natural resources – Refer to anything given by nature example soils, lakes and mountains. ii. Man-made resources – Refer to anything created by man to assist in production of goods and services example tools, equipment and building. Scarcity and Choice Scarcity - Resources are scarce if their availability is not enough to produce goods and services to satisfy all wants. Resources are therefore said to be limited and hence choices have to be made. Choice is the decision to satisfy one want out of many alternatives. This means others have to be forgone. Opportunity cost Refer to the value of benefit expected from the best second alternative forgone. Since resources are scarce and have competing alternative uses, choice to satisfy one means another is forgone Economic and Non Economic goods Economic goods – These are goods produced with scarce resources e.g. clothes and therefore a price has to be paid to obtain them. Non – Economic goods – are free goods hence no price has to be paid for them e.g. sunshine, ai

This module will introduce you to various administrative theories that are helpful to the study of public administration. In addition it's an interactive instructional module that uses both action and collaborative learning styles that provide you with diverse online learning experiences and effective learning processes.

Agricultural marketing can be defined as the performance of all business activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the initial point of production until they are in the hands of the ultimate consumer. Marketing consists of all strategies and tactics used to identify, create and maintain satisfying relationships, with customers that results in value for both consumers and marketer.

Acknowledging a source in your work is somehow a play with your understanding of the information that you are passing across, though the approach is similar. One can begin by first acknowledging the source of the information (author of the information you are using) then follow with the text that contains the information you are presenting: e.g Jones (1998) notes that following instructions in any examination is as important as passing the examination itself.

In this module, we shall define the basic concepts in historical archaeology of Eastern Africa and encourage you to develop your own understanding historical archaeology. The module also introduces the historical methods and the subsequent historical archaeology that has been constructed. The module takes you through the meaning of historical archaeology and other types of “archaeologies”, development of Swahili city States, the Great Zimbabwe civilization and the recent historical archaeology of Eastern Africa.

The cold war is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after the World War II up to 1990s. The Cold War was a result of a clash between communism and capitalism, which were the main opposing ideologies or world-views. The USA with its capitalistic ideology believed that capitalism was the best and that communism was non democratic. Similarly, the communist Soviet Union believed that capitalism was exploitative and non democratic and therefore its spread to the rest of the world needed to be checked.

Geography; It’s concerned with the relationship between man’s way of life and the places in which he lives. Geo tries to study the earth as the world of man. It deals with differentiation and integration of places. Describing location of places.

Rural sociology is one of the various aspects of general sociology such as urban, medical, family, race, relation, criminal, religion sociology etc. To define rural sociology we must first define general sociology. Sociology may be defined as science that deals with the study of the structures and changes of human groups in relation to other members and other groups. Man is a social being and interacts with other groups. This interaction usually takes some form of repetitive patterns that culminates into larger groups with similar characteristics. In the process of these interactions with others, man enters up forming other patterns that gives rise to Social groups when these social groups which usually tend to be interrelated and overlap as considered as whole they form a large social group with similar characteristics known as Society

The topic will give definitions of the concepts that will used throughout in this module, and their application in gender and development studies. These include:development, economics, economics policy, economic planning and economic empowerment, economic growth and development.

SOIL is a naturally occurring unconsolidated material on the earth surface that has been influenced by parent material, climate, organisms and relief, all acting over a period of time to produce a soil that may differ from the material from which it was derived from in terms of physical, chemical, mineralogical, biological and morphological properties. Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and mechanical processes that include weathering, erosion and precipitation. Soil is altered from its parent rock due to interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the biosphere Soil therefore is a dynamic and complex media developing under the influence of external factors i.e hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air) and biosphere (flora and fauna). Soil science. Is the study of properties and reactions of soils and materials, its relationship with man and how it can be used in the benefit of man.

Soil fertility: Is the ability of the soil to supply elements/nutrients essential for plant growth (From germination to physiological maturity) without toxic concentration of any element i.e. in the required amount and at the required time. Soil productivity: Is the ability of the soil to produce a particular crop or sequence of crops under a specified management system. NB: Productive soils are fertile for the crops being grown. However, many fertile soils are unproductive because they have poor climate.

The course is designed to present and discuss the methodologies of the best known analytical frameworks which have been used to integrate gender considerations into development initiatives. It gives practical examples of each framework, and provides accessible commentaries discussing the frameworks' potential uses, advantages, and limitations, as well as recent adaptations.

Crop improvement can be defined as i. An art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic makeup of plants in relation to their economic use for the mankind. ii. The art and science of improving the heredity of plants for the benefit of mankind. iii. Science of changing and improving the heredity of plants 2. Genetics The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics, the science of genetics enables plant breeders to predict to varying extents the outcome of genetic manipulation of plants. The techniques and methods employed in breeding are determined based on the genetics of the trait of interest, regarding, for example, the number of genes coding for it and gene action. For example, the size of the segregating population to generate in order to have a chance of observing that unique plant with the desired combination of genes depends on the number of genes involved in the expression of the desired trait.

In this unit, we will learn that gender describes those characteristics, roles and behavior patterns that distinguish men from women and are socially and culturally defined. These perceptions are quite in contrast to sex roles that are biologically determined. We therefore learn that there is a distinction between gender and sex.

The document is a course textbook that contains the specifics of application of International and Municipal Laws, specifically where the two come into contact and it appears that only one or the other should apply. It introduces the concept and builds up into such concepts as forum shopping, superiority of municipal law, application of laws in foreign marriages, among others. It brings all in clear light, making it a necessary tool for students.