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XEA 406: POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT
Poverty and Environment
What is the Environment?
The term environment’ used narrowly refers to green issues concerned with nature such as
pollution control, biodiversity and climate change.
Use more broadly, it includes issues such as drinking water and sanitation provision (often
known as the brown agenda).
Neefjes (2000, p. 2) uses the term in a broad sense, referring to the environment as a vehicle for analyzing and describing relationships between people and their surroundings, now and in
the future. What is the linkage between Poverty and Environment?
The simplistic cyclical relationship between environment and poverty is where poverty causes environmental destruction and this causes poverty.
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PHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCINCING DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT COMMUNITIES
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What is environment?
The surrounding. It is a complex of many factors that
interact not only with the organism but also among
themselves.
The physical-chemical and biological components of the
environment are of great importance to an ecologist.
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SOILS
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Soil is the upper layer of the earth’s crust or surface.
Different vegetation types occur on different soil types.
Soil types are closely related to species distribution and
community structure.
Specifically, species diversity is linked to soil composition,
stratification and soil formation.
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CLASSIFICATION OF ANTHROPODS
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Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobita (Trilobitomorpha): trilobites (extinct)
Subphylum Chelicerata: chelicerates
Class Merostomata: horseshoe crabs
Class Pycnogonida: sea spiders
Class Arachnida: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, etc.
Subphylum Crustacea: crustaceans
Class Malacostraca (orders: Isopoda, Amphipoda,
Decapoda and Stomatopoda)
Class Branchiopoda: brine shrimp, water fleas (Daphnia)
Class Copepoda:copepods
Class Cirripedia: barnacles
Class Ostracoda: seed shrimps
Subphylum Uniramia: uniramians
Class Diplopoda: millipedes
Class Chilopoda: centipedes
Class Pauropoda: pauropods
Class Symphyla: symphylans
Class Insecta: insects --- (subphylum Hexapoda
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TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS (Used in plant identification)
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Identification; assigning a plant to a particular group
The identification of plant specimen is its determination of being identical
with or similar to another already known plant.
A character is any property of plant that can be used to record similarities
or differences between individuals
Identification characters are divided into two:
Endormophic characters – internal features used for identification
palynology; anatomy; cytology; phytochemicals; genotypes/semantids
Exomorphic characters- external features used for identification
Morphological characters are those that deal with external form and structure of plants;
they include growth habit, leaf, surface coverings, flower, inflourescence, fruits etc
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THE ACARI (ticks & mites)
One of the largest, highly diverse and
widely distributed groups in the animal
kingdom
Very abundant - numbers extremely high
(more than 60,000 described species
(with an estimated 500,000 more still
undescribed)
Habitat - both aquatic and terrestrial
(many free-living & parasitic)
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CIRCULATION OF MATERIALS IN THE BOD
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Blood is a circulating fluid tissue well developed in reptiles, birds and mammals.
Blood consists of two components. These are:
a) Blood cells. These are also known as the formed elements. The cells make
up about 45 percent of blood. This fraction of blood is known as packed cell volume (PCV) or the hematocrit value of blood.
b) Plasma. This is the liquid part of blood that makes about 55 percent of blood.
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ATP 103: LEGAL WRITING AND DRAFTING
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The purpose of the manual is to guide Counsel on general methods of legislative drafting. Further, it is intended to serve as a ready reference and guide to legislative drafting in addition to published works on the subject. The manual sets out uniform legislative drafting standards and principles to be applied by Counsel in the National Assembly.
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KLB Mathematics Book 4
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This is KLB Mathematics Book 4 to be used by student in revision and class work
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Mathematics revision booklet Form 1 to 4
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This is KCSE Mathematics Revision booklet Form 1 to 4 to be used by student in revision for KCSE
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MASENO SCHOOL JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Business Studies PP1 & PP2 Q&A
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Download a copy of the MASENO SCHOOL JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Business Studies PP1 & PP2 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
39 Pages
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GRADE 6 AGRICULTURE NOTES
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Download high quality comprehensively prepared GRADE 6 AGRICULTURE Rationalized Notes. The notes covers all grade 6 rationalized strands.
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FOOD AND BEVERAGE PRODUCTION
This module unit is intended to impart in trainees cooking skills and attitudes required
for professional cookery. It gives the trainees a broad knowledge of raw food
materials and their application in food production.
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GRADE 7 AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION NOTES
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Download a copy of GRADE 7 AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION NOTES. The notes are precise, complete and comprehensive. This will serve you well!
41 Pages
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KASSU JET JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Geography PP1 & PP2 Q&A
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Download a copy of the KASSU JET JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Geography PP1 & PP2 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
37 Pages
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ALLIANCE BOYS JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Q&A
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Download a copy of the ALLIANCE BOYS JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
21 Pages
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Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana Pre-Mock (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Q&A
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Download a copy of the Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana Pre-Mock (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
37 Pages
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ADDITION REACTIONS TO POLARIZED MULTIPLE BONDS
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ADDITION REACTIONS TO POLARIZED MULTIPLE BONDS
The electron flow paths for addition
The AdE2 Reaction: Electron Flow Pathways AE + A N
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Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana MOCK (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Q&A
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Download a copy of the Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana MOCK (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
53 Pages
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BASIC RULES FOR MECHANISM STUDIES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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BASIC RULES FOR MECHANISM STUDIES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Carbon has 4 bonds – it is neutral.
If it has 3 bonds, then look at number of electrons.
None – positive - carbocation
1 electron – no charge – free radical
2 electrons – negative - carbanion
Curly arrow :
Atom where the arrow comes from – becomes less negative or positive.
If it was an anion – atom becomes neutral
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