Grab a copy of the Chemistry Form 3 Topical Revision: Organic Chemistry 1 Questions and Answers. This resource is rich in versatile questions that captures the key concepts and scope of the topic. its ideal for testing the mastery of the concepts therein.

C Language Overview This chapter describes the basic details about C programming language, how it emerged, What are strengths of C and why we should use C. The C programming language is a general purpose, high level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. C was originally first implemented on the DEC PDP 11 computer in 1972. In 1978, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie produced the first publicly available description of C, now known as the K&R standard. The UNIX operating system, the C compiler, and essentially all UNIX applications programs have been written in C. The C has now become a widely used professional language for various reasons. Easy to learn Structured language It produces efficient programs. It can handle low level activities. It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms. Facts about C C was invented to write an operating system called UNIX. C is a successor of B language, which was introduced around 1970. The language was formalized in 1988 by the American National Standard Institute.(ANSI). The UNIX OS was totally written in C by 1973

Classical and axiomatic approaches to probability. Compound and conditional probability, including Bayes' theorem. Concept of discrete random variable: expectation and variance. Data: sources, collection, classification and processing. Frequency distributions and graphical representation of data, including bar diagrams, histograms and stem-and-leaf diagrams. Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Skewness and kurtosis. Correlation. Fitting data to a best straight line. Pre-Requisites: STA 2104 Calculus for statistics I, SMA 2104 Mathematics for Science.

Communication has always been with us ever since the origin of human society. Communication has been playing an increasingly important role especially since human society entered the information era in the 1970s or 1980s. The communication mentioned in this note refers to the communication implemented through a data communication network. This note describes the concepts related to communication and a data communication network, information transfer process, network devices and their functions, network types, and typical networking. In addition, this note briefly introduces the concepts related to network engineering and network engineers.

In the digital era, various information is presented as data in our life. What is data? How is data transmitted? In this note we will use the network reference model to understand the life of data.

The Versatile Routing Platform (VRP) is a universal operating system (OS) platform for Huawei datacom products. It is based on IP and adopts a component-based architecture. It provides rich features and functions, including application-based tailorable and extensible functions, greatly improving the running efficiency of the devices that use this OS. To efficiently manage such devices, you must be familiar with VRP and VRP-based configuration. This note describes the basic concepts, common commands, and command line interface (CLI) of VRP.

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is the core protocol suite in the TCP/IP protocol suite. It works at the network layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack and this layer corresponds to the network layer in the Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI RM). The network layer provides connectionless data transmission services. A network does not need to establish a connection before sending data packets. Each IP data packet is sent separately. This notes describes the basic concepts of IPv4 addresses, subnetting, network IP address planning, and basic IP address configuration.

There are typically multiple IP subnets on a typical data communication network. Layer 3 devices are required to exchange data between these IP subnets. These devices have the routing capability and can forward data across subnets. Routing is the basic element of data communication networks. It is the process of selecting paths on a network along which packets are sent from a source to a destination. This note introduces the basic concepts of routing.

Static routes are manually configured. If a network topology changes, static routes have to be manually adjusted, which restricts the large-scale application of static routes on the live network. Dynamic routing protocols are widely used on live networks because of their high flexibility, high reliability, and easy scalability. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a widely used dynamic routing protocol. This course describes basic concepts,working mechanism, and basic configurations of OSPF.

Data transmission on networks must comply with certain standards. Ethernet protocols define how data frames are transmitted over an Ethernet network. Understanding Ethernet protocols is the basis for fully understanding communication at the data link layer. An Ethernet switch is the main device for implementing data link layer communication. It is essential to understand how an Ethernet switch works. This note describes the concepts related to Ethernet protocols, MAC address types, and working process and mechanism of Layer 2 switches.