THE SIDE EFFECTS OF IMPROPER PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES DISPOSAL IN THE ENVIRONMENT-pharmaceutical technology
| Institution | Kenya Medical Training College |
| Course | diploma in phamacti... |
| Year | 3rd Year |
| Semester | Unknown |
| Posted By | MAKORI KERECHA |
| File Type | |
| Pages | 42 Pages |
| File Size | 270.38 KB |
| Views | 3149 |
| Downloads | 0 |
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Description
THE SIDE EFFECTS OF IMPROPER PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES DISPOSAL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Diploma in pharmaceutical technology
ABSTRACT
Medication disposal is an alarming issue today and gaining more and more awareness from the healthcare professionals as well as consumers. Pharmacists have the potential to be on the forefront of this movement as a healthcare professionals and pharmacists are in an admirable position to educate patients about safe drug disposal. Proper patient counselling on safe medication disposal can make a significant difference to public health and the environment. The knowledge on method of disposal of unused medicines is equally important as that of consumption of medicines. This study aims to determine the methods of pharmaceutical wastes disposal within Kisii town, determine the side effects of improper pharmaceutical wastes disposal within Kisii and to determine the classes of pharmaceutical wastes segregation in the environment within Kisii town.
The information about methods of proper disposal as well as consequence of improper disposal was collected by extensive literature survey of all available resources as well as primary data obtained from questionnaires.Till date, researchers have acknowledged many human and veterinary pharmaceutical compounds at serious concentrations in drinking water resources and they are a major contributor to environmental pollution. Emphasis is also given on pharmacist role in proper disposal of unwanted and expired medicine makes a significant impact on the environment as well as it prevents accident, poisoning and intentional violence. So it will lead to the welfare of society and trudge towards goal of health for all. Among the findings, included the major impacts of improper pharmaceutical wastes disposal i.e. pollution, antibiotics resistance, effects on animals populations. Both unwanted drugs i.e. expired and discontinued medications as well as their packaging materials were found in the environment within Kisii. Among others the most disposal means of pharmaceutical wastes were to be use of flash sinks, open burning and incineration.
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HUMAN PATHOLOGY
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Introduction to Pathology
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this chapter students should be able to:
1. Define pathology
2. Discuss the core aspects of disease in pathology
3. Know the diagnostic techniques used in pathology
4. Know the various categories of the causes of diseases
5. Know the course, outcome, consequences of diseases
The core aspects of diseases in pathology
Pathology is the study of disease by scientific methods. The word pathology came from the Latin words “patho” & “logy”. ‘Patho’ means disease and ‘logy’ means study, therefore pathology is a scientific study of disease. Diseases may, in turn, be defined as an abnormal variation in structure or function of any part of the body. Pathology gives explanations of a disease by studying the following four aspects of the disease.
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NEOPLASMS
Learning objectives:
At the end of this chapter, students are expected to:
1. Differentiate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic ones.
2. Contrast benign from malignant tumors.
3. Describe methods and mechanisms of metastasis.
4. List the etiologic factors in carcinogenesis.
5. Understand clinical effects of neoplasms
6. Know the diagnostic modalities for cancers
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INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH RECORDS MANAGEMENT
Get a copy of full notes on INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH RECORDS MANAGEMENT.
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH RECORDS MANAGEMENT
Definition of Health Records
A health record is a systematic collection of information about a patient's health status and healthcare services received over time. It contains demographic, medical, legal, financial, and administrative information used in patient care and health management.
The health record may exist in:
Paper format (Manual Health Records)
Electronic format (Electronic Health Records - EHR)
Hybrid format (Combination of paper and electronic)
110 Pages
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HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS
Learning objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to:
1. Explain how fluid balance is maintained across the arteriolar & venular end of the vasculature by Starling forces
2. Know the pathologic conditions occurring when the balance between the above forces is disrupted across the vascular wall under different conditions, i.e., edema
3. Understand and explain the cause and pathogenesis of clinical conditions like myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, etc.….
4. Know the pathogenesis of edema of congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, and other clinical conditions
5. Have the basic knowledge about various types of shock, their pathogenesis, manifestations, and complications
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CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY DISEASE
Objectives
When you have completed this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Define a congenital disorder.
2. Understand the birth prevalence and population prevalence of congenital disorders.
3. List the causes of congenital disorders.
4. Understand chromosomal inheritance.
5. Understand the inheritance of single genes.
6. Define a multifactorial congenital disorder.
7. Define a teratogen and know their dangers.
8. List different types of structural congenital disorders
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HEALTH ABBREVIATIONS
ALS Advance Life Support, amyotrophic lateralsclerosis
ALT alanine amino-transaminase, Argon lasertrabeculoplasty
A.M before noon
A-Mask aerosol mask
AM against medical advice, American Medical Association amb ambulatory
amb care ambulatory care
AMI acute myocardial infarction
Amino amniocentesis
AML acute myelogenous leukemia
amp ampule
amt amount
ANA antinuclear antibody
ANC Absolute neutrophil count
AND anterior nasal drainage
ANE Anesthesiology
anes Anesthesia
ank. ankle
ANLL acute non-lymphocytic leukemia ant anterior
ante before
Ant Seg anterior segment
36 Pages
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THEATRE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS CDAAC PAST PAPER
THEATRE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS CDAAC PAST PAPER
These notes provide comprehensive coverage of operating theatre technology and surgical practice. They include theatre safety, infection prevention and control, patient positioning, operating table attachments and accessories, waste management, cleaning procedures, standard and transmission-based precautions, informed consent, surgical safety checklists, patient transfer techniques, surgical counts, and other essential principles required for safe and effective perioperative care. The notes are suitable for revision, examination preparation, and practical reference for theatre technologists and other operating theatre personnel.
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