These notes introduce the basic principles of microeconomics, focusing on how individuals and firms make decisions when resources are limited. They explain key concepts like scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost, and how these affect production and consumption. The notes also cover how demand and supply interact to determine prices, including concepts like elasticity, market equilibrium, and shifts in demand and supply. In addition, they explore different market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly), production and cost theories, and basic macroeconomic topics like national income, inflation, and unemployment.

DAF 1301: FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING II Pre-requisites: DBM 114 Purpose: To develop the learners deeper understanding of the principles of book-keeping and accounts and the ability to maintain books of accounts and preparation of financial statements Course Objectives: By the end of the course unit the student should be able to:- Compile accounting data • Prepare financial statements • Interpret accounting information • Use accounting information in decision making. Course Content: • Partnership accounts; the partnership agreement, formation of a partnership, final accounts of partnerships, valuation of goodwill and change in partnership • Introduction to company accounts, Introduction to published financial statements • Financial Reporting by Manufacturing enterprise • Financial statement analysis • Cash flow Statements • Accounting for not for profit organizations • Incomplete records Teaching / Learning Methodologies: Lectures and tutorials; group discussion; demonstration; Individual assignment; Case studies Instructional Materials and Equipment: Projector; test books; design catalogues; computer laboratory; design software; simulators Recommended Text Books: • Honrgren and Sundem, G. L, Introduction to Financial Accounting, (6th Edition), New York; Prentice Hall • Larson, K.M and Pyre, D, Fundamentals of Accounting Principles, (12th Edition), Prentice Hall • Frank Woods & Alan Sangster, Business accounting,(9th ) Prentice Hall Text Books for further Reading: • Wood, Frank, Business Accounting (17th Edition), International Thompson

This is a first-year Diploma course in business course which gives the students exposure to the legal principles that bind transactions that business people engage in. The course first explores the nature of Law and introduces the student to the Kenyan legal system. Further, the course explores diverse areas of law that relate to the activities that business people engage in daily. These include the law of torts, the law of contract, the law of agency, the law of employment, and the sale of goods law The course is divided into two parts: Business Law 1 and Business Law 2. Business Law 1 is offered in the first semester and business law 2 is provided in the second trimester of study. Course objectives By the end of the course unit, the students should be able to: - a) Appreciate the legal context in which business law applies. b) Comprehend but simplify the account of rules relating to the formation, content, and enforcement of contracts. c) Illustrate how the law applies to business content. d) Appreciate the significance of business law and its contribution to the development and success of business. Course instruction will be through lectures, tutorials, group discussions, and individual assignments. Attendance and participation in lectures, tutorials, and group discussions is required. Through this, the student will understand the legal concepts. The course will be assessed as per the university examinations regulations where the continuous assessment tests carry 30 marks and the final exam carry 70 marks

Business statistics is the science of good decision-making in the face of uncertainty and is used in many disciplines such as financial analysis, econometrics, auditing, production, and operations including services improvement, and marketing research. 1.2 Uses of Statistics a) To present the data in a concise and definite form: Statistics helps in classifying and tabulating raw data for processing and further tabulation for end users. b) To make it easy to understand complex and large data: This is done by presenting the data in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams, etc., or by condensing the data with the help of means, dispersion, etc. c) For comparison: Tables, measures of means, and dispersion can help in comparing different sets of data. d) In forming policies: It helps in forming policies like a production schedule, based on the relevant sales figures. It is used in forecasting future demands. e) Enlarging individual experiences: Complex problems can be well understood by statistics, as the conclusions drawn by an individual are more definite and precise than mere statements of facts. f) In measuring the magnitude of a phenomenon:- Statistics has made it possible to count the population of a country, the industrial growth, the agricultural growth, the educational level (of course in numbers) 1.3 Limitations of Statistics 1. Statistics does not deal with individual measurements. Since statistics deals with aggregates of facts, it cannot be used to study the changes that have taken place in individual cases. For example, the wages earned by a single industry worker at any time, taken by itself is not a statistical datum. However, the wages of workers in that industry can be used statistically. Similarly, the marks obtained by Kamau of your class or the height of Atieno (also of your class) are not the subject matter of statistical study. But the average marks or the average height of your class has statistical relevance.

This unit is designed to enable students to undertake risk analysis and a variety of risk assessments relating to different aspects of purchasing and supply and to implement a range of appropriate risk management tools and techniques. Students will use a variety of risk assessment tools and techniques designed to provide a detailed analysis of supply chain situations, including legal, corporate social responsibility, ethical, health and safety, financial, international, innovation and a variety of other potential risk scenarios. The scope covers both the proactive identification and avoidance of risk, as well as provision for post-event recovery initiatives. By the end of the unit students should be able to apply a variety of tools and techniques, in a diverse range of contexts, to proactively establish the level of risk presented and to recommend ways of avoiding, mitigating or managing those risks.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: By the end of the course the student should be able to: I. Understand the concepts and principles of Operations Management ii. Visualize Production and Operations Management as an interdisciplinary function. iii. Understand the significance of production processes and process change iv. Understand the importance of planning and control in a production environment v. Understand the aspect of quality in products and services vi. Appreciate the need for cost optimization techniques in production and operations management

COURSE OBJECTIVES: By the end of the course the student should be able to: I. Understand the concepts and principles of Operations Management ii. Visualize Production and Operations Management as an interdisciplinary function. iii. Understand the significance of production processes and process change iv. Understand the importance of planning and control in a production environment v. Understand the aspect of quality in products and services vi. Appreciate the need for cost optimization techniques in production and operations management

DAF1305: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Contact Hours: 30 Pre-requisites: DBM 114 and DBM 121 Purpose: To provide the student with the knowledge of important concepts and techniques needed by managers in planning, control, management and decision making in business organization Expected Learning Outcomes of the Course: By the end of the course unit the learners should be able to:- i) Explain the importance of management accounting in the management of organizations ii) Apply management accounting techniques to solve various management dilemmas iii) Explain the importance of budgeting and responsibility accounting in management of organizations Course Content: Nature, Purpose and scope of Management Accounting; Decision Making environments and techniques; Cost Behavior; Cost Estimation; Relevant costing; Cost-Volume- Profit Analysis; Variable and absorption costing; Master Budget and Responsibility Accounting

This pdf contains 5 past papers with answers for quick revision onDBM1214 – Supply Chain Vulnerability Management. It is compilation of questions and answers.