Biopsychology, the scientific study of the biology of behavior and mental processes. People also refer to this field as biological psychology, psychobiology, behavioral biology, or behavioral neuroscience.

Hamna shaka kuwa tafsiri ni nguzo muhimu ya, mahusiano, mawasiliano na maelewano ya jamii bayana na jamii ya kimataifa. Mitaala ya lugha, kwa hivyo, yawajibika kuandaa kozi za tafsiri. Kozi hii itakuwa ya kitangulizi. Madhumuni yake ni kuweka msingi wa masomo zamilifu zaidi, kinadharia, kitendaji, kitumikizi, kwa eneo pana zaidi la tafsiri.

Kozi hii ya mbinu za utafiti inajadili mbinu za kufanyia utafiti katika nyanja za lugha na fasihi. Ni kozi inayokusudiwa kumtayarisha mwanafunzi kufanya kazi yoyote ya utafiti na kujua jinsi ya kukabiliana na changamoto zinazomkumba mtafiti.

This course surveys in historically and theoretically informed fashion the role of various international institutions in international relations. It addresses the fundamental question of the contribution of international institutions to world order. The course first traces the historical evolution of international organizations before turning to international institutions since World War II.

The main purpose of this booklet is to help candidates preparing for the KASNEB examination to make the best use of the last few weeks before the examination.

Statistics which is a branch of mathematics is used by economists to transform raw data from the real world into numerical generalizations. Such generalizations are used by economists to construct a network of interlocking relationships which enable them to draw conclusions about economic variables that are related to each other only directly.

The purpose of intermediate microeconomic theory is to provide an adequate exposition of the basic concepts and techniques of microeconomic analysis. The consumer and producer theory and the theory of markets will be treated mathematically and diagrammatically. Further, pure aspects of general equilibrium theory and welfare economics will be covered.

In this unit you will be introduced to the major macroeconomic theory paying attention to their applicability in different settings of developing countries. The general objectives of this unit may be summarized as follows: Explain the meaning of macroeconomic models. Detect strengths and weaknesses of macroeconomic models. Explain how macroeconomic models may be used for proper management of an economy. Teach macroeconomics after your degree course; and Prepare yourself for more advance studies in economic theory.

Distinguish between a finance lease and an operating lease indicating how they should be treated in the financial statements as per International Accounting Standard (IAS) 17 'Leases'

This course introduces you to science and technology as social institutions and systems of knowledge production. We will take a sociological look at the process by which knowledge is collectively produced by communities and societies and how this knowledge is used.

The purpose of intermediate microeconomic theory is to provide an adequate exposition of the basic concepts and techniques of microeconomic analysis. The consumer and producer theory and the theory of markets will be treated mathematically and diagrammatically. Further, pure aspects of general equilibrium theory and welfare economics will be covered.

Spatial organization refers to the arrangement of physical and human objects on the Earth's surface. In this course, we look at how the environment is arranged, how the environment affects man, how man adapts to the environment, how culture is developed and finally how man can conserve the environment.

Market structure refers to the nature and degree of competition in the market for goods and services. The structures of market both for goods market and service (factor) market are determined by the nature of competition prevailing in a particular market.

The rocks that make up Earth’s mantle are mostly silicates a wide variety of compounds that share a silicon and oxygen structure. Common silicates found in the mantle include olivine, garnet, and pyroxene. The other major type of rock found in the mantle is magnesium oxide. Other mantle elements include iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium.

The purpose of the theory of demand is to determine the various factors that affect demand of a commodity. That is, the establishment of the law of demand that states that the market demand is negatively related to the price.

Accounting is the process of identifying measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of information. It is therefore concerned with providing information that will help decision makers make good decisions.

Planning involves making choices between alternatives and is primarily a decision-making activity. The final two stages represent the control process, which is the process of measuring and correcting actual performance to ensure that the alternatives that are chosen and the plans for implementing them are carried out. Let us now consider each of the elements of the decision-making and control process.

Cost classification may be defined as ‘the arrangement of cost items in a logical sequence having regard to their nature and purpose to be fulfilled’. The term cost must be qualified when in use in order that it’s precise meaning is established in a particular situation; however, cost refers to the amount of resources that have been diverted from other uses or sacrificed so as to achieve the desired objective. But the term is used to refer to various aspects of cost; depending on the base of argument that one is approaching the issue from.

In this topic, you will learn to use cost estimating relationships to estimate and forecast costs. As the name implies, a cost estimating relationship (CER) is a technique used to estimate a particular cost or price by using an established relationship with an independent variable.

Computer is an electronic and digital device, it take data as input, process it and gives information as output and save it. Computer is used because it is more efficient and effective. Computer hardware is accessed through Software (operating System) computer is Extensible: means we can add any number of application software to this and extend its functionality. Versatile : means it is used in almost all places like hospitals, business, education, Research etc. Computer is not similar to any other electronic and digital machine but its Versatile and Extensible.