In order to ensure the building stability, it was necessary to determine the adequate dimensions of structural elements; this project deals with the calculation and design of reinforced concrete structure. Several figures and tables have been used to illustrate the text and contribute to a better understanding of the subject matter. The proposed apartment building is 23.25 m x 18 m dimensions. It is three-storey building and it has bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms and bathrooms. The height of each floor is 3.20 m. All the building members (slabs, columns, foundations and stair) are calculated by analytical method by using the basic knowledge in civil engineering. The height of the beam is 55 cm; its width is 20 cm whereas the width of flange is 90.7 cm for longitudinal beams. The maximum and minimum bar of reinforcement bar at top for all beams is Ø16 the same to the reinforcement at bottom. The critical panel of slab was designed, slab thickness is 15cm the maximum size of reinforcement bar is Ø12mm .The high loaded column was designed and the maximum reinforcement bar size is Ø25mm.Links of Ø8 mm at 300 mm center to center were provided to hold main reinforcement bars. Foundation were designed by considering the bearing capacity Pb= 320 KN/m2 and designed upper load from columns. Each designed foundation is 200*200*50 cm and the maximum reinforcement bar is Ø20 mm in foundation. In order to provide access from floor to next floor stair was designed .Going of stair is 300 mm, riser is 150 mm, the flight height is 160 cm and its pitch is 29.530, that stair is reinforced by Ø16 mm.

This dissertation is a detailed study entitled "Architectural and Structural Design ofThree-Storey Modern Market Building: Case Study of Kisii Central District." The object in question is a three-storey modern market building measuring 52.153 length x42.995 width with main features like balconies, washrooms, bedrooms, verandahs, and kitchens. Each floor stands at a height of 3.80 m. The structural analysis applied general principles in civil engineering to carefully design key items such as beams, slabs, columns, foundations, and stairs. The longitudinal had a depth of 800 mm and a width of 300 mm, with a wing width of 907 mm using Ø40 mm reinforcement bars both on the upper and lower sides. Slabs were divided into three categories, namely continuous and discontinuous. Slabs had 15 cm thickness and were supported by Ø12 mm reinforcement bars. Columns of the mix contained Ø40 mm bars with Ø8 mm links at 144 mm centre to centre. The bearing capacity Pb = 400 KN/m 2 was used for the foundation design, which gave the foundation dimensions 4000*4000*500 mm, reinforced with Ø20 mm bars as the significant reinforcement. Stairs providing access between the floors were constructed with a going of 305 mm and a riser of 160 mm. The flights rose 200 cm with a pitch of 29.53 0. The reinforcement included Ø16 mm bars at the bottom and Ø8 mm bars at the top. This dissertation presents a detailed study of the structural details involved in the construction of a three-story apartment building. It gives insight into the best construction practices through careful analysis and design, considering a context that differs from any other: the Kisii Central District.

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Street light controllers are smarter versions of the mechanical or electronic timers previously used for street light ON-OFF operation. They come with energy conservation options like twilight saving, staggering or dimming. Also many street light controllers come with an astronomical clock for a particular location or a Global Positioning System (GPS) connection to give the best ON-OFF time and energy saving. Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now-a-days the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset. In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ A significantly which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual . This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch. A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or walkway, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells to turn them on at dusk, off at dawn, or activate automatically in dark weather. In older lighting this function would have been performed with the aid of a solar dial. It is not uncommon for street lights to be on poles which have wires strung between them, or mounted on utility poles. This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch Automatic Streetlight needs no manual operation of switching ON and OFF. The system itself detects whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value

Automatic washroom light switch as the name suggests is a control device used in homes and can also be applicable in industries. A different component with different characteristics are incorporated together to come up with a circuit forming a control device. Major components used in this project are: Reed switch, Op-AMP 741, IC 4017, decade counter, General purpose relay, resistors and light emitting diode. This project is aimed at solving the problem carelessness of switching or turning off manual switches which for many cases results to a high electrical bills (consumption cost). It is simple to operate since it operates automatically. Micro controller in this project is IC 4017 while the OP – AMP 741 is a comparator.

Conductor failure or outage in general does not promote development to public and private sectors. Development of our country and in addition, there are processes that need not to be interrupted because of their importance. This project presents the design, construction and implementation of a broken ac conductor for automatic detection of a broken ac conductor. Studies have shown that the electric fault which occurs in this facilities constitute the major cause of service interruptions as a result of their exposure to high currents, mechanical strains, utilization by the high currents consuming appliances used for a long time thus it’s difficult to locate the accurate location of the broken conductor. and because now days’ electric cables are being installed inside the walls using the pvc conduits or are being installed underground by the use of underground cables and because of this people generally replace the broken conductors instead of repairing them due to hardship in locating the exact place where the cable is broken therefore the reason of coming up with this project was to facilitate quick locating and isolation.

With rapid growth of industry, underground power delivery systems are growing so rapidly .And its capacity is also increasing now-a-days so, if there is any accident in underground power cable, its inference is too great to count and also difficult to find fault location for underground power cable. We are developing fault location system for underground power cable which can detect its fault location exactly. This system usually monitors underground power cable on-line. But if there are an accident, it record its transient signal and we can calculate fault location by analyzing it. To develop fault location system for power cable, we needed fault detection system and we are going to install it physically and test at various points. So, we are going to describe on signal processing technology to detect fault location on power cable and on the result of tested fault location performance.

Clothing is a factor in every day human life and interactions with others. Clothing is a systematic means of transmitting information about the wearer. The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship of fashion designers ‘cultural values and personal experiences and the process of creativity in their design process. This study was designed to find out factors influencing the way they dress. The main objective in this study was to identify the physical,i) To produce simple and appropriate outfit. ii) To improve the branding image for fashion and design.iii) To look neat and well-groomed but relaxed iv) To promote recognition of the design. The research will be mainly in Nakuru town. I will involve various people in doing the research e.g. experts and designers. The casual wear will explain into further details hence the upcoming designers will also expand on their knowledge of designing other trending new styles. The clients will be informed of the latest trending designs and fashi

Cell phones are widely used in the world. While people have to be connected to one another, there are situations or places where there usage is to be prohibited either due to security reasons or it may cause health hazards. Cell phones detection has been on investigation for a long time. There are techniques which have been formulated or proposed on how cell phones can be detected. Most of the use the features such as audio system, RF system and common materials of the phones and try to look into how they can be used as basis to detect mobile phones This project utilizes the RF system of the cell phone as the features to be detecting its presence. A circuit that detects signals of the range 0.9GHz is used to detect a cell phone when in use. When the signal is detected, an LED blinks to indicate the use age of a cell phone within a radius of 1.5 mete

The main purpose of this research was to determine and identify the challenges faced by micro finance institutions (MFIs) in credit management in Kisii. The study was guided by the following research questions: What are the exposing factors to credit risk among microfinance institutions? What is the relationship between credit management policy and customer retention? What are the guiding principles and practices that can be used to manage credit risk in microfinance institutions? In order to achieve the above, the study adopted a descriptive research design in order to obtain the data that is necessary, which in essence facilitated the collection of the private data as a way of getting into the research objectives. The population under study was 54 micro finance institutions. The collection of the private data was done using structured questionnaires that were pilot tested in order to ensure that there was reliability as well as validity. The coding of the data was done with the use of Microsoft Excel as when as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in order to generate the descriptive statistics for instance frequencies and percentages. The study findings reveled that there are various exposing factors to credit risk among microfinance institutions in Kenya. Specifically the majority of the respondents were of opinion that loans to individuals, highly contributed to credit risk, followed by involvement in foreign exchange trade, operational risk, prevailing inflation rates, prevailing interest rates group loans and finally, investment in bonds and equities. This implies that indeed issuance of loans to individuals is highly risk as compared to groups. It also implies that investment bonds and equities are less risky. The study concludes that that there is a positive relationship between credit management policy measures and customer retention. The study also concludes that the credit control policy implemented determines the risk exposure. Finally, the study concludes that controls, supervision and audit are adequate to mitigate credit risk.

This is a project on clap switch on / off any electrical circuit by the sound of the clap. The clap operated circuit is a circuit which operates by clapping from a remote pond. When a person claps one, the first output of the circuit is turned on. If another one will cause to energize the third output. The basic idea of clap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the sound of claps, cough and sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical signal which is amplified by the succession transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected as a bustle multivibrator change stage of each signal. One of these transistor drives the aver transistor which control a lamp basically this is a sound operated switch. For example, fan, fluorescent light TV and other applications can be switched on or off by clapping.