The study sought to assess the nature of armed conflict sexual violence trauma, social and economic strain experienced by girls and women in conflict of Tigray, northern region of Ethiopia. Both qualitative and quantitative (mixed - convergent parallel) research approaches were applied. Descriptive research design was adopted to analyze the qualitative data regarding the nature of their traumas due to the gang rape by armed groups. While, the quantitative data were used for identifying the nature of the psychological post-traumatic outcomes (post traumatic growth or post traumatic stress disorder) and level of social acceptance of the society based on survivor’s perception. A sample of 50 respondents, of which 23 girls and 27 women survivors participated in the survey. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data while, among them, 14 respondents were selected purposively to conduct the in-depth interview to collect the qualitative data. The analysis focused on the traumas in terms of physical, psychological, social stigma and social acceptance of sexual violence along with economic strain and humanitarian aid intervention by different stakeholders. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the primary data with the help of SPSS 22.0. The results of the findings revealed that the survivors experienced a life-threatening physical abuse by armed groups results in raptured anal and genital organs, pelvic pain, fistula, bleeding, and sexual transmitted diseases including HIV and Hepatitis. The majority of the respondents also suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder as they were facing ethnic slur as well as exposed to atrocity committed on their families, friends and relatives. Nonetheless, some have developed positive posttraumatic growth emanated from their personal strength and religious believes. Despite the occurrence of frequent and perpetuated sexual violence against civilians during the conflict, the victims were still suffered from high social stigma. However, they admitted they have seen social acknowledgement towards the sexual violence. The economic strain of the victims was also aggravated due to lack of sufficient humanitarian aid intervention. It can be concluded that the sexual violence traumas of the survivors of conflict in Tigray were brutal atrocity against humanity. Mobile and outreach medical services with sufficient supply logistics are required for immediate relief of basic necessities.

This study has taken one of the current issues in the Kenyan banking industry: alternative channel banking. The objective of the study was to identify the challenges and opportunities of adopting electronic channel banking. The study was conducted on six private commercial banks. The banks were selected using stratified sampling technique. Data was collected by distributing questionnaire on a survey basis to the staff of the respected departments/divisions of the selected banks. Out of the distributed 92 questionnaires 87 of them were used in the study. The study used descriptive analysis to analyze the collected data. The results of the study showedthat; perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, the fact that the Kenyan banking sector is adopting alternative channel banking late compared to developed countries and the fact that the 65 % of the population is between the age 15 and 54 (CSA, 2015) are opportunities for Kenyan private commercial banks to adopt alternative channel banking.It is also concluded that lack of awareness of the society about alternative channel banking; the security risk associated with using alternative channel banking; the constant interruption of power; absence of network between commercial banks; the underdevelopment of the telecommunication infrastructure of the country and the level of illiteracy of the society are challenges of adopting alternative channel banking for the Kenyan private commercial banks. Based on the findings commercial banks are recommended to create customer awareness; work with other commercial banks and government; enhance their infrastructure; develop customer customized system and associate motivating factors with the usage of alternative channel banking.

Abstract This study is conducted with Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges of E-Banking Service in CBE. The objective of this paper to assess adoption of E-banking in the Equity Bank banking services with respect to the challenges which can taking advantage of Ebanking system and expected opportunity derived by adopting the system. To acquire the intended information the researcher use different data collection instruments like distributing close-ended questionnaire, conducting interview. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis such as tables and percentages. Among the different opportunity that initiate banks to adopt e-banking services: Improving customer services, Facilitating the work to be done fast, helping to facilitate work with minimum error, Simplifying the activity of employees of the bank in the delivery of services to customers, Enhancing the image of the bank, improving efficiency, reducing paper work, reduces queues in the banking hall, Increasing Revenues of the bank, reduction of cost, and improves relationship with customers. It also investigated the major challenges for the electronic banking services in commercial bank of Equity Bank as of infrastructural, legal and regulatory, socio-cultural, and illiteracy related challenges. To address various challenges identified on the study, the study suggests a series of measures which could be taken by government as well as Equity Bank.

Over the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of money laundering and terrorist financing crimes across the globe. In a bid for authorities to control these criminal activities both locally and internationally, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 40+9 recommendations were established as a mechanism for identifying, combating and controlling money laundering activities. Kenya recently endeavored to combat money laundering and terrorist financing by criminalizing money laundering and financing of terrorism through proclamation no. 780/2013. In this regard, banks play a leading role as the main objective of the law is to ensure the integrity of the Kenyan financial system. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter Financing of Terrorism (CFT) practice and challenges of commercial banks in Kenya in accordance with international standards and applicable laws. This study employed exploratory and descriptive research design in the form of close ended questionnaires completed by 69 employees of Kenyan commercial banks. To assess the practice and challenges 48 questions were provided to the respondents to acquire quantitative data and eight close ended interview questions were also provided to accommodate opinions of FIC officials. Based on the respondents among the commercial banks' the study found that commercial banks in Kenya have been discharging their responsibilities by implementing and practicing AML/CTF. However, ML/TF preventive measures revealed that commercial banks do not have automatic electronic customer/transaction screening and the finding confirmed that absence of national ID and lack of list of Political Exposed Persons, lack of technology to enhance AML/CFT activities and lower awareness in the country are serious challenges for banks. Therefore EFIC and NBE and other responsible organs of the country have to focus their efforts on the most fundamental tasks and main challenges, and need to give utmost priorities about AML/CFT. Finally, as this study focuses on commercial banks, further research is needed on the other financial and nonfinancial sectors which are vulnerable to money laundering and terrorist financing.

This research paper explores challenges of obstetric fistula with the aim of assessing the lived experiences, challenges and solutions of women survived from obstetric fistula at Hamelin Hospital. The study was undertaken utilizing an in-depth interview and eight participants were purposely selected and 5 participants were interviewed as data saturation reached on the 5th participant. Methodologically the research study is used Qualitative research method and case study. In-depth interview used as a main tool to capture qualitative data. Open-code categorization and content analysis is used for analyzing data. The key findings of the research indicate that first; the participant’s sexuality and sexual experiences before marriage in that they denied having any intimate relationship or sexual interaction before marriage and stated that their parents or caretakers forced into marriage without their consent at early age. Second; Life, challenges and cope-up mechanism after developing fistula they faced many challenges medical and psychosocial. Their coping mechanisms was staying at home and isolating self. Third, perspectives about the future life and how do they shape it they were optimistic about their future after their repair. Fourth, predictions on fistula treatment and rehabilitation services participants were very satisfied by the treatment and very happy about the rehabilitation program. The interventions designed and implemented to understand effects of obstetric fistula and what impact it has in their psychosocial and economic situations, identifying areas of potential concern for supporting and the intervention activities. It helps to develop mechanisms that enable to explore and build up the strength of individuals and communities, which would ultimately help to prevent and manage obstetric fistula

While under taking this study the general objectives of this paper is to assess conflict and conflict generating factors and suggest some of the solution methods as it is practiced in particular reference of EthioTelecom. More specifically, the aim of the study would be: To identify the type and source of conflict in Telecom. To examine the effect of conflict on individual, group and organization performance. To investigate techniques that is used to manage or stimulate conflict in organization. To investigate the extent to which management and employees understand conflict and how they react to it. To examine the significant of conflict management, employees and organizational in general. To identify functional and dysfunctional conflict in organization.

The study conducted titled, contribution of Harambee Youth Employment Accelerators to employment opportunities of youth in Kenya. A case of Harambee (2018 -2023). The study’s objective were to analyze the level of youth participation in Harambee youth employment accelerators, to examine the extent to which Harambee youth employment accelerators contribute to Kenyan youth employment, to identify the challenges that Harambee youth employment acceleratorsface in achieving their objectives effectively and to develop effective strategies to overcome the challenges encountered by Harambee youth employment accelerators. In conducting the study, the researcher employed a mixture of qualitative and qualitative research design. Interview, questionnaire, and documentation were used in data collection, simple random sampling technique were used in sampling while descriptive statistics analysis were used in data analysis. The study finds that Harambee employment accelerators provides access to mentorship and coaching and increase the confidence and self-esteem of participants and improve chance of getting job and help to connect with job opportunities. And the study finds the challeges faced by Harambee are lack of sufficient funds, and struggle to reach and engage with marginalized youth effectively. The study recommends that Harambee should embrace the technology and online training and reach more to the margninalized community in rural areas.

Conflict is an inevitable part of every effort. In the realm of management, conflict management is a newer concept. Individuals' actions and the conflict's outcome may be profoundly affected by these characteristics. If the manager is unable to successfully manage conflicts and find solutions, it might cause problems. This research examined intragroup conflict and strategies for resolving it in the context of management at Airtel Kenya's headquarters. According to preliminary survey data collected for this study, numerous disagreements occur at Airtel Kenya despite the presence of laws and regulations meant to prevent them. Therefore, the study's stated objective was to evaluate the elements impacting Airtel Kenya's central office's conflict management strategy. The main objective of the study is to investigate determinants of workplace conflict in Airtel Kenya head office. This study employs a quantitative methodology. The researcher employed a descriptive research strategy to complete this report. To conduct this research, we used data from all 2512 workers at Airtel Kenya's headquarters. In this study, respondents were chosen using a basic random sample method. As the population is very consistent, a random sample may be taken from it with little bias. A total of 138 workers participated in the study's sample.As the mean score was just 2.88, it may be inferred that the vast majority of respondents did not place a high priority on the interdependence dimension. All five potential categories of conflict at Airtel Kenya are positively correlated with employees' degrees of conflict management skills, the findings show (at the 0.01 level). A regression model was employed in the research to examine how much of the variation in successful conflict management may be attributed to controllable variables. the model's predictor variables have successfully explained 91.5% of the observed variance. This suggests that the model's independent variables account for more than 91.5% of the variance in the factors influencing successful conflict management at Airtel Kenya. Identifying the gap in department cooperation, Airtel Kenya should involve department heads in order to help them forge strong bonds to cooperate well with another departments, which in return facilitates effective experience sharing between departments.

The main purpose of this research is to examine the Effect of Compensation on Turnover intention in the case of Kenya wildlife conservation authority. In conducting the study both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis were used. The quantitative data were gathered through a questionnaire, and the qualitative data were collected through the administration of the interview. The researcher used a random sampling technique to select the sample respondents for the study. Accordingly, 297 employees were selected from the Head Office of EWCA to participate in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to sample respondents and all questionnaires were returned. Explanatory or causal types and descriptive research designs have been used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the quantitative data collected. On the other hand, the qualitative data collected through interviews were analyzed qualitatively. Findings showed that both financial and Non-Financial compensations had a positive effect on employee turnover intention. It was recommended that the compensation Schemes should be revised periodically, taking into account the market conditions, the nature of the job, and the employees’ desires and needs. Adequate compensation has to be provided and offered to employees based on their performance.

is essential for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) companies to outperform their competitors in the industry. LPG consumption has expanded in Kenya in recent years, thanks to better import and distribution facilities. The use of LPG in the commercial sector doubled to around 124,000 metric tonnes by 2017, up from a low base in 2014. In 2018-19, rapid demand growth continued, with demand almost doubling to 217,000 metric tonnes. Demand has boosted competition among LPG manufacturers, which has resulted in price wars. This study examined how competitive strategies influence the performance of LPG companies and how the performance of liquefied petroleum gas companies in Nairobi County is affected by competitive strategies. The specific research objectives were to determine the impact of focus strategies on performance; to define the impact of differentiation strategies on performance, and to determine the impact of cost leadership strategies on LPG business performance in Nairobi County. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design approach. LPG companies in Nairobi County were investigated and the sample size was 154 respondents, selected using simple random sampling. Cronbach's alpha was used to verify reliability, and content validity was assessed by consulting domain experts. The data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0.2.0. The key findings of the study were that, focus strategy increased performance significantly and differentiation strategy on the other hand had a non-significant increase on performance. Similarly, a unit increase in cost leadership strategy led to a non-significant improvement in performance. The study recommends that the leaders or decision makers of LPG companies widely adopt a focus strategy as it has a significant influence on firm performance compared to other strategies. The study also suggests that further studies be performed on the impact of differentiation and cost leadership strategies on firm performance.

The current economic conditions characterized by a high cost of living, high interest rates on loans and unemployment, digital lending products and services have increasingly become an option for many. Borrowing appetite has often led to bad debts, shifting between lending institutions to evade the responsibility to repay loans and resulting to debt accumulation. This study sought to find out the influence of digital financial services on the socioeconomic status of Kibera households. Specifically, the research sought to find out: the effect of digital credit services on socioeconomic status of households; the effect of digital savings services on socioeconomic status of households; and the moderating effect of household characteristics on the relationship between digital financial services and socioeconomic status of households . Primary data collection through administering structured questionnaires to the target population of households in Kibera. The questionnaires were issued randomly but purposively to households that used digital credit and digital savings. Descriptive statistics entailed mean and standard deviation were used for analysis. Inferential statistics, particularly regression analysis was conducted. OLS regression model was used to establish the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Notably, digital credit, digital savings and household characteristics had a positive relationship with socioeconomic status. Digital savings had a positive effect while digital credit reported a negative effect on socioeconomic status. Only one element of household characteristics namely, household size had a moderating effect on the relationship between digital financial services and socioeconomic status. The findings of this study are important to policymakers, regulators and digital financial services providers. The findings will be significant to future researchers who might need to refer or build on it through further research. The study recommended that there was need for policy makers to look at how the negative effects of digital credit on socioeconomic status can be reversed and maximize on the positive impact of digital savings on socioeconomic status of households.

In any organization, employee engagement is most significant as it forms the foundation where an employee works in an organization in the best interest as he or she has the desire to do so. Employees need to be motivated to be engaged and it may be through the employees ‘sense of achievement, recognition, enjoyment of the job, promotion opportunities, responsibility, and the chance for personal growth. Employee motivation and engagement are tied directly to the style of management that is applied. Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement and employee has towards his or her organization and its values. The engaged employee goes an added mile, they are aware of the business context, and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. The research focuses on how employee engagement at worksa forerunner of job involvement is. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of employee motivation on engagement at work in restaurants in Nairobi. A descriptive research survey design was used in this study. The sample size consisted of 60 respondents working in different restaurants within the proximity of Nairobi CBD. The tool used to collect the data was a questionnaire. From this research it is evident that employee at the restaurant is committed with their work as long as they are motivated.

Access to finance has remained one of the notable factors that impede the sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises in the developing world. This study aims to investigate the effect of financial accessibility on the sustainability of manufacturing small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The elements of access to finance that are in the interest of this study include cost of credit, interest rate, credit rationing and business risk. The specific objectives were to analyse the influence of loan processing fees on the sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs); to establish the influence of interest rate on the sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi County, Kenya; to determine the influence of credit rationing on the sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi County, Kenya; and to find out the influence of business risk on the sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was underpinned by the Delegated Monitoring theory, Relationship Lending Theory and legitimacy theory. The study adopted descriptive research design methodology, which involved the collection of firsthand data from the operators of manufacturing SMEs in Nairobi County, Kenya. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the manufacturing SMEs that were involved in the study. A total of 89 participants were involved in the study. Data collection involved administration of online questionnaire to the participants using online communication platforms. The study documented positive effect of loan processing fees on sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. Secondly, there was a negative and not significant effect of interest rate on sustainability of small and medium manufacturing companies in Nairobi County. Thirdly, there was positive and significant effect of credit rationing on sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises. Further, there was positive and not significant effect business risk and sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. From the findings it can concluded that loan processing fees, legal fees, insurance fees and negotiating fees have inverse effect on sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. Secondly, sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises is significantly affected by inflation rates and total cost of credit. Thirdly, credit access was limited by number of loans applied by manufacturing companies, type of loan products applied for, repayment period and collateral required. Further, the higher the price fluctuations, competition and emergence of technologies the hinders the odds of sustaining firms. There is need for evaluation of measures aimed at minimizing credit access costs through mitigation of loan processing fees, legal fees, insurance fees and negotiating fees. Moreover, there is need for adoption of time series approaches while managing price fluctuations, competitiveness and emergence of new products.

The effect of Food safety (FS) and Food Quality (FQ) on customer’s destination choice (DC) remains controversial. A number of empirical studies conducted in Kenya failed to seek the manner in which consumers themselves perceived FS and FQ in order to choose their destination of choice. Owing to this contradiction, this study was to determine the effects of FS and FQ on customer choice of dining destinations in Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to assess the relationship between food quality and customer choice on the dining destinations in Kenya, to determine the relationship between food safety assurance and customer choice on dining destinations in Kenya, to determine the relationship between food monitoring and surveillance systems and customer choice of dining destinations in Kenya, to assess the moderating effect of top management commitment on the relationship between food safety and quality and customer choice of dining destinations in Kenya and to assess the moderating effect of customer-based factors on the relationship between food safety and quality and customer choice of dining destinations in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this study where1058 guests were sampled based on 49% average bed occupancy statistics. Additionally, 54 hotel staff (managers and Sous chefs) were purposively selected from 4-star and 5-star hotels in Kenya. Self-administered questionnaires and structured interview schedules were employed to collect data from respondents. Qualitative data collected through interview schedules was analyzed thematically while quantitative data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The study found out that there was positive significant relationship between FQ, FS and FSM in determining customer’s choice of dining destinations (pvalues 0.015, 0.005 and 0.044). The study also found out that there was a moderating effect of top management commitment on the relationship between FQ, FS and choice of customer’s dining destination (p-value = 0.004). While there was a general agreement that top management are committed in affirming food safety and quality, it was also revealed that for every positive improvement in top management commitment, there would be a corresponding positive rate of influence on dining destination choice. The output of the models with and without interaction confirmed that the moderation effect of customer-based factors was found not to be significant but presented itself as an explanatory variable (P=0.25). Although the study presented unique insights into food safety, quality, monitoring as well as surveillance; there were a number of limitations based on the empirical as well as conceptual settings. The study failed to investigate the physical, chemical as well as microbial contaminations that can cause unsafe food. This therefore could be a prime area for future research.

Empirical studies have shown that there is considerable evidence that public procurement performance in the country is deficient, as evidenced by poor allocation of resources, inefficiency in the process, gross negligence, non-adherence to procedures, untimely deliveries, unqualified personnel and incompetence of public administrators in Kenyan corporations. This study sought to examine how institutional factors influence procurement performance in parastatals. The study examined the impact of structure, management style, systems and staff on public procurement performance. The study was anchored on the Higgins model and institutional theory. The study was based on a positivist research philosophy with a descriptive research design. The population for the study was the 33 commercial and manufacturing state corporations in Kenya. The unit of observation was 165 respondents drawn from the strategy managers, finance managers, IT managers, human resource managers and procurement managers of each of the institutions. The study used a census survey of all respondents. The study used a structured research questionnaire. The research data was collected using physical questionnaires and Google forms. The research data collected was analysed using quantitative approaches such as descriptive and inferential analysis. The analysed research data was presented using graphs and tables. The findings revealed that there was a response rate of 95% (n= 114) between April and June 2022.Most of the respondents were procurement managers (26%) and finance managers (23%) in the companies. The results indicate that there was a statistically significant weak and positive association between structure, leadership style, staff and procurement performance within the state corporations. The correlation also showed a statistically significant moderate and positive association between system and procurement performance within state corporations. The results of the regression showed an R2 = .531 which indicates that at least 53.1% of the changes in the dependent variable (procurement performance) are determined by staff, leadership style, system, structure. The study also concluded that structure, system and staff of state owned commercial and manufacturing enterprises have a significant and positive effect on public procurement performance. The study further revealed that leadership style has a positive but insignificant effect on public procurement performance. Therefore, the results of the study indicate that institutional factors are key determinants of public procurement performance. Accordingly, a major focus should be placed on internal issues based on the factors examined in this study. However, more explanation is needed to further identify the specific issues in each organisation and possible structural patterns of problems.

The main target of the research was to measure and determine the effect of integrated marketing communication (IMC) on sales performance by Taking Keronche Brewery Nairobi plant as a case study and its branch office situated in Nairobi. Basically, integrated marketing communication is all about synchronizing or coordinating the five marketing communication tools for the best of marketing output. The five tools of IMC are, advertisement, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing and public relation. All the sales and marketing department staffs of the company are considered as target populations (census was taken), which were 240 in number out of which around 193 questionnaires were appropriately filled the rest 47 were not filled hence excluded from consideration. The collected data were processed through statistical package for social science (SPSS). Data obtained were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis to find out the magnitude and direction of each of the IMC tool in affecting sales performance. Based on the output of the multiple regression all the five elements of IMC, namely Advertisement, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing and public relation have positive and significant effect on the sales performance of Keronche Brewery Share Company. When it comes to the magnitude or the strength of the effect of the IMC tools on the sales performance of the firm the highest significance value is recorded by direct marketing and the lowest is for advertisement. Advertisement’s low significance value is found to be due to the government ban on advertising any alcoholic beverages through two of the most important broadcast advertisement means (TV and radio) and also through open air banners, which come in to effect in 2019. Therefore, it is recommended that the firm expected to find and engage in other contemporary advertising mediums such as social media advertisement not to lose its market positioning. The firm also doing its best to fulfil its corporate social responsibilities as a public relation activity but there is a gap in letting the public know about the firm’s public relation efforts so the company needs an extensive promotion of its public relation activities. The firm needs to maintain the effects of direct marketing and sales promotion since its effect on sales performance found to be significant and also needs to incorporate other tools to boost its sales promotion and direct marketing activities. Personal selling also has a significant effect on sales performance of the firm but still it needs much effort to improve its level of significance.

Mobile money has become a popular payment method for many Kenyan businesses. The goal of this study was to determine how mobile money merchant services affected the financial performance of small and medium-sized businesses. Nakuru is a city in Kenya. The specific goals were to determine the effect of affordability of mobile money merchant services on the performance of small and medium enterprises, the effect of availability of mobile money merchant services on the performance of small and medium enterprises, the effect of effectiveness of mobile money merchant services on the performance of small and medium enterprises, and the impact of Value Added Services available on mobile money platforms on the performance of small and medium enterprises. The theories underpinning the study were; Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT). The study adopted explanatory survey design based on cause-effect relationship. The study targeted 12,250 licensed SMEs Mobile Money Merchants operating in Nakuru City. The study sampled 221 Small and Medium Mobile Money Merchant enterprises using stratified sampling technique. Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru City were chosen using simple random sampling. The study relied on primary data gathered through structured questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The data was analyzed using regression analysis technique. The information was then presented in the form of frequency tables and figures. The study established that the effectiveness of Mobile Money Merchant Services had no effect on the financial performance of Kenyan Small and Medium Enterprises. Mobile Money services, according to the study, are becoming increasingly popular in many countries as a convenient, secure, and cost-effective way to make payments and transfers. The study recommends that the governments should create and enforce legislation that regulates and safeguards the use of Mobile Money services in order to ensure their safety and security.

The objective of the study is to examine the effect of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Job Satisfaction of Equity Bank S.C. In addition, the study consider independent variables which are Altruism, Consciousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy and Civic virtue and dependent variable Job Satisfaction to determine whether a relationship exist between the variables. In order to attest the study objectives the researcher uses both descriptive & explanatory survey design. A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed to Equity Bank staff out of which 125 was used. The respondents were selected using proportionate stratified sampling technique. The questionnaire was tested for its reliability and found to be reliable enough to study the research questions. The data collected from the survey was analyzed using SPSS software and presented in the form of descriptive data analysis, correlations and logistic Regression Analysis. The finding of the study indicates that there is significant positive relation between the dependent and independent variables. The researcher proved that the entire hypotheses weren’t supported except one. The researcher concluded that that all predictors except one have insignificant effect on JS. Altruism, civic virtue, courtesy, sportsmanship and conciseness respectively. The study recommended some basic points such as; holding regular training programs, cultivating a good working relationship, devising policies that contribute to staff well beings and encouraging voluntary activities that go beyond the formal obligations of employees.

focus has over time been on competitiveness and productivity. Remote working has also been adopted to allow employees work from home. In such arrangement, workforce welfare is neglected and various health problems are reported, causing less employee engagement, morale, and dissatisfaction and suboptimal outputs. Consequently, even the adoption of technology turns out counterproductive in firms. This study sought to determine the effect of remote working on employee wellness by analyzing employees in non-governmental organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study's specific objectives were to determine the effect of job-related factors, organizational factors, and work-life balance on employee wellness. The study followed a positivist research paradigm and applied a crosssectional descriptive research design to quantitatively describe the relationships between the study variables. From the total population of 80,229 employees in the registered nongovernmental organizations in Kenya, a sample of 398 was targeted. To achieve adequate response rate, the study targeted 7 respondents, which is 1 senior-level, 3 mid-level and 3 junior-level employees from each of the 60 international and national non-governmental organizations based in Nairobi County. Therefore, stratified random sampling was employed for an even representation of the 60 organizations. A convenient sampling technique was applied to choose participants based on availability. A pilot study targeting 40 employees from 6 organizations in Kiambu County was conducted. The firms used for pilot testing were not considered during the actual research. Adequate research quality concerning validity and reliability was achieved through Cronbach’s alpha. Data was analysed through SPSS. Regression analysis results indicated a weak relationship between the independent variables: job-related factors, organizational factors and work-life balance and the employee wellness. Based on coefficients, both Job-related and organizational factors were significant at 0.05 significant level. Similarly, work-life balance had a positive, statistically significant influence on employee wellness. The study concludes that job-related factors, organizational factors, and work-life balance have a weak joint effect on employee wellness. Work-life balance has a positive, statistically significant correlation with employee wellness while job-related and organizational factors have significant influence on employee wellness. Organizations should enhance job-related and organizational factors to enhance employee work-life balance which in turn improves employee wellness. Further research can be implemented to test the mediational role of work-life balance in the relationship between job-related and organizational factors and employee wellness.

Globally true magnitude of child sexual abuse is hidden because of its sensitive and illegal nature. Most children and families do not report cases of abuse and exploitation because of stigma, fear and lack of trust in the authorities. This study aims at establishing the effect of child sexual abuse on school performance among secondary school students in Mavoko Sub County, Machakos County. The objectives of this study were to examine the forms of CSA, the effect of CSA on school performance, social behaviour of CSA and school retention rate of CSA. The study was based on the descriptive-survey design. The target population was 3486 form three students divided into 14 strata that is corresponding to each of the 14 public secondary schools. Only 10% of students in form three (3) per school were targeted and to make a sample size be 84. The data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and interviews to school’s principals which were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics such as: frequencies, percentages and means were calculated. Inferential statistics such as (Multiple Regression Analysis) were used to test the relationships between the independent (academic performance, social behaviour performance and school retention) and the dependent variables (forms of sexual abuse). The findings of the study show that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of sexual abuse and the practice of various forms of sexual abuse (r=0.872, p<0.05). The most common forms of sexual abuse were verbal sexual abuse, involuntary kissing, or being sexually touched. There were also cases of attempted oral, anal or vaginal penetration. Further, some students were forced to watch pornographic pictures, drawings, films, videotapes, or magazines The findings also show that there was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and school social behaviour performance (r=0.909, p<0.05). Sexual abuse led to various negative school social behaviours. It meant that some of the students did not trust other people, felt lonely, and experienced stressful inner tension. It also led to mood rapidly changing in terms of anxiety, anger, and depression. There was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and academic performance (r=0.920, p<0.05). Due to sexual abuse, some of the students did not feel interested in classwork and, did not concentrate on class activities. Most of them were also not happy with academic performance and were always absent-minded in class. Pearson correlation analysis also showed a significant relationship between sexual abuse and school retention (r=0.933, p<0.05). Sexual abuse made some students feel that nobody cared about them in school and some decided to drop out. Some felt vulnerable and felt out of place in school. They never felt at ease in school and often decided to drop out. There were instances of students dropping out of school after being sexually abused due to pregnancy, stigma, early marriages, and stigma among others. The study recommends the need to put in place measures aimed at educating students on some of the disregarded forms of sexual abuse. The school administration should promptly identify and curb the tolerance of some of these forms of abuse among students. Counselling measures should be enhanced to check the negative psychological effects of child sexual abuse such as negative school social behaviour. Students who were victims of sexual abuse should be encouraged to remain in school.