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BIT 2103: ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
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Purpose of the course: To introduce the learner to the concepts and terminologies of e- commerce and to provide the learner with sufficient knowledge and skills for effective participation in e- business.
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Uploaded: 2023-12-05
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Lesson 2 Computer Animation - Character Animation
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• Character Animation
• Posture representation
• Hierarchical structure of the body
Character animation is a specialized area of the animation process, which involves bringing animated characters to life. The role of a Character Animator
is analogous to that of a film or stage actor, and character animators are often
said to be "actors with a pencil" (or a mouse). Character animators breathe
life in their characters, creating the illusion of thought, emotion and personality. Character animation is often distinguished from creature animation, which
involves bringing photo-realistic animals and creatures to life.
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 3 Computer Animation - Skeletal Animation
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Skeletal animation is a technique in computer animation in which a character
is represented in two parts: a surface representation used to draw the character
(called skin or mesh) and a hierarchical set of interconnected bones (called
the skeleton or rig) used to animate (pose and keyframe) the mesh. While
this technique is often used to animate humans or more generally for organic
modeling, it only serves to make the animation process more intuitive and the
same technique can be used to control the deformation of any object — a door,
a spoon, a building, or a galaxy.
This technique is used in virtually all animation systems where simplified
user interfaces allows animators to control often complex algorithms and a huge
amount of geometry; most notably through inverse kinematics and other "goaloriented" techniques. In principle, however, the intention of the technique is never to imitate real anatomy or physical processes, but only to control the deformation of the mesh data.
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 4 Computer Animation - Joints
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A joint is a point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined. when
developing animated characters one needs to define the type of joints that will
be used to combine multiple segments of the character e.g hand to shoulder.
this is due to the fact that inorder to create a more realistic monevent of the
character or oblect the siolidity principle must be adhered to and the sence of
overlapping and irregular movements of the character must be avoided,
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 5 Computer Animation - Skinning
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Skinning is the process of attaching a renderable skin to an underlying articulated skeleton. There are several approaches to skinning with varying degrees
of realism and complexity. Our main focus will be on the smooth skinning
algorithm, which is both fast and reasonably effective, and has been used extensively in real time and pre-rendered animation. The smooth skinning algorithm
goes by many other names in the literature, such as blended skinning, multimatrix skinning, linear blend skinning, skeletal subspace deformation (SSD),
and sometimes just skinning.
This chapter will explain the smooth skinning algorithm in detail and provide
additional information about the offline creation and binding process. Binding
refers to the initial attachment of the skin to the underlying skeleton and assigning any necessary information to the vertices.
Smooth skinning, while fast and straightforward, does have its limitations,
and so alternative techniques are also briefly introduced and referenced, including a variety of deformation techniques and some more elaborate anatomically
based approaches that simulate muscle and skin deformations
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 6 Computer Animation - KeyFrame Animation
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Generalized coordinates
In analytical mechanics, specifically the study of the rigid body dynamics of
multibody systems, the term generalized coordinates refers to the parameters
that describe the configuration of the system relative to some reference configuration. Example is a vector to specify the posture of the body
q=(q1 ,q2 ,q3 ,q4 ,q5 , q6 , q7 ,... ,qn)
Usually, the first three numbers: location of the root the next three numbers:
orientation of root The rest: the joint angles of the body
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 7 Computer Animation - Facial Animation
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Facial Anination deals with the simulation of the different facial expresions a
character can make. Inorder to simulate conversation, visible emotional expressions(e.g Saddness, Happines), we need to understand the different mechanisims
and muscle structures that the face uses to accurately represent the emotion /
visemes. generally the facial expressions and visemes in animation relies on
three different appoaches:
• Muscle-based models
• Capture real human data
• Expression Cloning
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 8 Computer Animation - Data Driven Facial Animation
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Data based facial animation
The generation of facial animation data can be approached in different ways:
1. marker-based motion capture on points or marks on the face of a performer
2. markerless motion capture techniques using different type of cameras
3. audio-driven techniques
4. key frame animation
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 9 Computer Animation - MOTION CAPTURE AND PHYSICALLY BASED ANIMATION OF CHARACTERS
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There are three methods
• Create them manually
• Use real human / animal motions
• Use physically based simulation
Using Real Human (Animal) Motion
• Real human (animal) motion is realistic
• Much faster and cheaper than manually producing the data We use the
motion capture device (Mocap)
• There are four major types of Mocaps
– Optical
– Magnetic
– Inertial trackers
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Lesson 10 Computer Animation - MOTION CAPTURE AND PHYSICALLY BASED ANIMATION OF CHARACTERS
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Motion tracking or motion capture started as a photogrammetric analysis tool
in biomechanics research in the 1970s and 1980s, and expanded into education,
training, sports and recently computer animation for television, cinema, and
video games as the technology matured. A performer wears markers near each
joint to identify the motion by the positions or angles between the markers.
Acoustic, inertial, LED, magnetic or reflective markers, or combinations of any
of these, are tracked, optimally at least two times the frequency rate of the
desired motion, to submillimeter positions. The resolution of the system is
important in both the spatial resolution and temporal resolution as motion blur
causes almost the same problems as low resolution.
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
labour law notes
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The purpose of this simplified labour law class notes is to enable the student to pass his or her labour law exam paper with ease.
98 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Family law notes
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Family law may refer to law that govern a man and a woman who share common household.
91 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Family law 2 notes
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Family refer to a man and a woman sharing common household
15 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
company law notes
Company law refers to the laws that govern the formation and winding up of a company under certain company's act.
117 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Criminal law 1 Notes
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the purpose of this criminal law notes is to equip the student with knowledge of how to deal with crime offences.
215 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
DRIVING HANDBOOK NOTES
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The purpose of this driving handbook is to guide drivers and any other person planning to join driving school to familiarise themselves with road traffic rules ,safety and regulations.
84 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Arts grade 5 notes
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The purpose of this art's notes is to equip the pupil with knowledge to know different drawing techniques
30 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
Science grade 5 notes
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The purpose of this simplified science notes is to help the pupil to read and understand what is being taught in class
43 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-04
step by step to file Tax
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The purpose of this document is to help in filing KRA tax step by step
13 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-03
Geography revision booklet Q & A
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This is Geography revision booklet with questions and answers to help the student prepare for his exams.
173 Pages
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Uploaded: 2023-12-02