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CLASSIFICATION OF ANTHROPODS
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Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobita (Trilobitomorpha): trilobites (extinct)
Subphylum Chelicerata: chelicerates
Class Merostomata: horseshoe crabs
Class Pycnogonida: sea spiders
Class Arachnida: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, etc.
Subphylum Crustacea: crustaceans
Class Malacostraca (orders: Isopoda, Amphipoda,
Decapoda and Stomatopoda)
Class Branchiopoda: brine shrimp, water fleas (Daphnia)
Class Copepoda:copepods
Class Cirripedia: barnacles
Class Ostracoda: seed shrimps
Subphylum Uniramia: uniramians
Class Diplopoda: millipedes
Class Chilopoda: centipedes
Class Pauropoda: pauropods
Class Symphyla: symphylans
Class Insecta: insects --- (subphylum Hexapoda
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TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS (Used in plant identification)
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Identification; assigning a plant to a particular group
The identification of plant specimen is its determination of being identical
with or similar to another already known plant.
A character is any property of plant that can be used to record similarities
or differences between individuals
Identification characters are divided into two:
Endormophic characters – internal features used for identification
palynology; anatomy; cytology; phytochemicals; genotypes/semantids
Exomorphic characters- external features used for identification
Morphological characters are those that deal with external form and structure of plants;
they include growth habit, leaf, surface coverings, flower, inflourescence, fruits etc
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THE ACARI (ticks & mites)
One of the largest, highly diverse and
widely distributed groups in the animal
kingdom
Very abundant - numbers extremely high
(more than 60,000 described species
(with an estimated 500,000 more still
undescribed)
Habitat - both aquatic and terrestrial
(many free-living & parasitic)
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CIRCULATION OF MATERIALS IN THE BOD
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Blood is a circulating fluid tissue well developed in reptiles, birds and mammals.
Blood consists of two components. These are:
a) Blood cells. These are also known as the formed elements. The cells make
up about 45 percent of blood. This fraction of blood is known as packed cell volume (PCV) or the hematocrit value of blood.
b) Plasma. This is the liquid part of blood that makes about 55 percent of blood.
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ATP 103: LEGAL WRITING AND DRAFTING
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The purpose of the manual is to guide Counsel on general methods of legislative drafting. Further, it is intended to serve as a ready reference and guide to legislative drafting in addition to published works on the subject. The manual sets out uniform legislative drafting standards and principles to be applied by Counsel in the National Assembly.
96 Pages
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KLB Mathematics Book 4
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This is KLB Mathematics Book 4 to be used by student in revision and class work
575 Pages
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Mathematics revision booklet Form 1 to 4
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This is KCSE Mathematics Revision booklet Form 1 to 4 to be used by student in revision for KCSE
662 Pages
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MASENO SCHOOL JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Business Studies PP1 & PP2 Q&A
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Download a copy of the MASENO SCHOOL JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Business Studies PP1 & PP2 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
39 Pages
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GRADE 6 AGRICULTURE NOTES
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Download high quality comprehensively prepared GRADE 6 AGRICULTURE Rationalized Notes. The notes covers all grade 6 rationalized strands.
13 Pages
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FOOD AND BEVERAGE PRODUCTION
This module unit is intended to impart in trainees cooking skills and attitudes required
for professional cookery. It gives the trainees a broad knowledge of raw food
materials and their application in food production.
76 Pages
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GRADE 7 AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION NOTES
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Download a copy of GRADE 7 AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION NOTES. The notes are precise, complete and comprehensive. This will serve you well!
41 Pages
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KASSU JET JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Geography PP1 & PP2 Q&A
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Download a copy of the KASSU JET JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Geography PP1 & PP2 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
37 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-09-17
ALLIANCE BOYS JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Q&A
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Download a copy of the ALLIANCE BOYS JUL/AUG MOCK 2024; Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
21 Pages
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Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana Pre-Mock (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Q&A
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Download a copy of the Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana Pre-Mock (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
37 Pages
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ADDITION REACTIONS TO POLARIZED MULTIPLE BONDS
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ADDITION REACTIONS TO POLARIZED MULTIPLE BONDS
The electron flow paths for addition
The AdE2 Reaction: Electron Flow Pathways AE + A N
6 Pages
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Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana MOCK (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Q&A
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Download a copy of the Kenya High, Alliance, and Lenana MOCK (KALA); Biology PP1,PP2 & PP3 Question Papers with well coordinated Marking Schemes attached. This is good revision material for your upcoming exams.
53 Pages
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BASIC RULES FOR MECHANISM STUDIES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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BASIC RULES FOR MECHANISM STUDIES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Carbon has 4 bonds – it is neutral.
If it has 3 bonds, then look at number of electrons.
None – positive - carbocation
1 electron – no charge – free radical
2 electrons – negative - carbanion
Curly arrow :
Atom where the arrow comes from – becomes less negative or positive.
If it was an anion – atom becomes neutral
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Nano
Many authorities predict that applications of nanotechnologies will ultimately pervade virtually every aspect of life and will enable dramatic advances to be realized in most areas of communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based technologies. Even if this is only partially true, there is an obvious need to provide industry and research with suitable tools to assist the development, application and communication of the technologies. One essential tool in this armoury will be the harmonization of the terminology and definitions used in order to promote their common understanding and consistent
usage. This terminology includes terms that are either specific to the sector covered by the title or are used with a specific meaning in the field of nanotechnology. It is one of a series of terminology PASs covering many different aspects of nanotechnologies.
This terminology attempts not to include terms that are used in a
manner consistent with a definition given in the Oxford English
Dictionary [1], and terms that already have well established meanings and to which the addition of the prefix “nano” changes only the scale to which they apply but does not otherwise change their meaningThe multidisciplinary nature of nanotechnologies can lead to confusion as to the precise meaning of some terms because of differences in usage between disciplines. Users are advised that, in order to support the standardization of terminology, this PAS provides single definitions wherever possible
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Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
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Nanoparticles are defined by the worldwide federation of national standards bodies, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), as nanoobjects with
all external dimensions in the nanoscale, where the lengths of the longest andshortest axes of nanoobjects do not differ significantly . Though nanoscale is basically ranged from 1 to 100 nm, nanoparticles can be categorized by three size ranges: larger than 500 nm, between 100 and 500 nm, and
between 1 and 100 nm (European Commission, 2010). With respect to the size and the size distribution, nanoparticles may exhibit size-related intensive properties. If they are small enough to confine their electrons, they produce quantum effects and exhibit unexpected properties, for example, gold nanoparticles appear red in solution (see, for instance, Eustis and El-Sayed, 2006), and melt at much lower temperatures than that in slab form (Buffat and Borel, 1976). The high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles provides the significant changes in properties related to contact/surface area, such as catalytic (Astruc, 2008),surface-enhanced plasmon resonance (Melaine et al., 2015), etc.
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Elimination Reactions
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An elimination is the loss of two atoms or groups from a molecule, which will typically result in the formation of a new bond.
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