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17. WAN Technologies
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As economic globalization and digital transformation accelerate, enterprises keep expanding their scales. More and more branches locate in different regions, with each branch network being considered as a local area network (LAN). The headquarters and branches need to cross geographical locations to communicate with each other. To better carry out services, an enterprise needs to connect these geographically dispersed branches through a wide area network (WAN).
The development of the WAN technologies is accompanied by the continuously increased bandwidth.In the early stage, X.25 provided only the bandwidth of 64 kbit/s. Later, the digital data network (DDN) and Frame Relay (FR) increased the bandwidth to 2 Mbit/s. Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) further increased the bandwidth to 10 Gbit/s. Now, the current IP-based WANs provide 10 Gbit/s or even higher bandwidth.
This course describes the development history of WAN technologies, especially the implementations and configurations of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE).
55 Pages
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18 Network Management and O&M
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The ever expanding network and increasing network devices present a significant
challenge in managing networks effectively and providing high-quality network
services.
There are many network management and O&M methods, of which this course
describes some of the most common.
37 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
19. IPv6 Basics
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In the 1980s, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) released RFC 791 –
Internet Protocol, which marks the standardization of IPv4. In the following decades, IPv4 has become one of the most popular protocols. Numerous people have developed various applications based on IPv4 and made various supplements and enhancements to IPv4, enabling the Internet to flourish.
However, with the expansion of the Internet and the development of new
technologies such as 5G and Internet of Things (IoT), IPv4 faces more and more
challenges. It is imperative to replace IPv4 with IPv6. This course describes the reasons for IPv4-to-IPv6 transition and basic IPv6 knowledge.
38 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
20. SDN and NFV Overview
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The open ecosystem of the computing industry brings booming development of
multiple fields, such as Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS), operating system,
virtualization, middleware, cloud computing, and software applications. The network industry is also seeking transformation and development. Software. Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) are mainly used.
This course aims to help engineers understand the development of SDN and NFV
and introduce Huawei SDN and NFV solutions.
51 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
21. Network Programmability and Automation
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New protocols, technologies, and delivery and O&M modes are emerging in the
network engineering field. Conventional networks face challenges from new
connection requirements, such as requirements for cloud computing and artificial
intelligence (AI). Enterprises are also pursuing service agility, flexibility, and elasticity. Against this backdrop, network automation becomes increasingly important.
Network programmability and automation is to simplify network configuration,
management, monitoring, and operations for engineers and improve deployment
and O&M efficiency. This course is to help network engineers understand Python
programming and implement network automation.
17 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
22. Typical Campus Network Architectures and Practices
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A broad range of places, such as campuses, office spaces, and shopping malls, are
covered by networks. You can access internal resources of your school, access
internal printers of your company to print documents, or access the Internet to
browse news through the networks. These networks belong to campus networks and are generally constructed by
enterprises or organizations. Campus networks not only improve the operational
efficiency of enterprises, but also provide network access services for external
users.This chapter describes the basic architecture of a campus network and details how to build a campus network.
25 Pages
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SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Full Notes
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General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunode ciency virus/ Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis.
Discordant couples. Treatment and Management; nutrition, prevention and control; Abstain, Be faithful, Condom use, Destigmatize HIV/AIDS (ABCD) methods and an-tiretroviral drugs and vaccines. Pregnancy and AIDS. Management of HIV/AIDS patients. Social and cultural practices: Religion and AIDS. Social stigma on HIV/AIDS. Behavioral change. Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services. Gender and HIV/AIDS. Drug and alcohol abuse and HIV/AIDS. Poverty and AIDS. Families and AIDS orphans. Government policies: Global policies of AIDS. Legal rights of AIDS patients. AIDS Impact: Family /society setup, population, agriculture, education, health, industry, development, economy and other sectors.
153 Pages
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SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Lesson 1
General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis. Discordant couples. Treatment and Management; nutrition, prevention and control; Abstain, Be faithful, Condom use, Destigmatize HIV/AIDS (ABCD) methods
56 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
SZL2111: HIV/AIDs - Sex education and Human sexuality
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Sex education, also called sexuality education or sex and relationships education.
It's the process of acquiring information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. It is also about developing young people's skills so that they make informed choices about their behavior, and feel confident and competent about acting on these choices. It is widely accepted that young people have a right to sex education, partly because it is a means by which they are helped to protect themselves against abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS.
68 Pages
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SZL2111: HIV/AIDs - The Immune system
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Immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against diseases by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. The immune system is made up of organs that are involved in fighting invasion by foreign bodies.
24 Pages
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SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Biology of HIV
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HIV can’t grow or reproduce on its own. It requires cell of living organisms to infect & reproduce. HIV is specific to CD4+ cells in the human body i.e. cells with surface molecule called Cluster of Differentiation 4. Cells carrying this molecule are called CD4+ cells. Therefore HIV cant survive in the animal blood, because its only human blood that contains CD4+cells. HIV is a lentivirus. Like all viruses in this group it attacks the immune system. Lentiviruses are in turn part of a larger group of viruses called retroviruses. The term ”retrovirus” stems from the fact that these kinds of viruses are capable of copying RNA into DNA. The name lentivirus means slow virus. This is because they take such a longtime to produce any adverse effects in the body.
24 Pages
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SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Disease progression and symptoms
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HIV infects cells of the immune system and the central nervous system. The main cell HIV infects is T helper cell which is a crucial part of the immune system, because it co-ordinates the actions of other cells of the immune system. A large reduction in the number of T helper cells seriously weakens the immune system.
37 Pages
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SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Lesson 6
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General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune de ciency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Compara-
tive information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and
diagnosis.
48 Pages
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401.01 KB
Uploaded: 2024-11-15
SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Lesson 7
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General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis.
42 Pages
4647 Views
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2.19 MB
Uploaded: 2024-11-15
SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Lesson 8
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General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis. Discordant couples.
20 Pages
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286.61 KB
Uploaded: 2024-11-15
SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs -Lesson 9
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General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview
of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS
virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and
diagnosis.
44 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
SZL 2111: HIV/AIDs - Lesson 10
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General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Compara-
tive information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course.
38 Pages
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Uploaded: 2024-11-15
SMA 2104: Mathematics for Sciences - Course Outline
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This unit aims at providing a good foundation in mathematics for students who plans to do more specialized work in the university, especially in the Computing, Medicine, Engineering, etc.
3 Pages
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SMA 2104: Mathematics for Sciences - Lesson 1 Quadratic equations
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Upon completing this topic, you should be able to: Solve quadratic equations by factoring Learning outcomes Solve quadratic equations using the method of extraction of roots Determine the nature of the solutions to a quadratic equation Understand the logic underlying the method of completing Solve a quadratic equation using the method of completing
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SMA 2104: Mathematics for Sciences - Lesson 2 Algebra
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By the end of this topic you should be able to; Understand the laws of indices and their application in simplifying algebraic expressions. Define index, Establish the laws of indices, Solve simple problems using the laws of indices. Understand the theory of logarithms and surds and their applications in manipulating expressions. Define logarithm
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