Entomology notes - Vectors of public health importance

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One of the largest, highly diverse and widely distributed groups in the animal kingdom • Very abundant - numbers extremely high (more than 60,000 described species (with an estimated 500,000 more still undescribed) • Habitat - both aquatic and terrestrial (many free-living & parasitic

Includes crabs, lobsters, prawns, barnacles, pill bugs, copepods, crayfishes, water fleas, shrimps, etc

Active body cells require lots of oxygen for energy production in aerobic respiration as we learnt in Lecture IV. A major by product of aerobic respiration is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid and hence disturbs acid base balance in the body. Accumulation of carbon dioxide is therefore toxic to the cells as it may cause acidosis. Living cells have mechanisms of intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide. The two gases are known as respiratory gases. In small organisms such as protozoans the body surface provides an adequate surface area for the exchange of respiratory gases by diffusion. In mammals and other higher animals there are specialized systems for exchange of respiratory gases.

Once an insect hatches from the egg it is usually able to survive on its own, but it is small, wingless, and sexually immature. Its primary role in life is to eat and grow. If it survives, it will periodically outgrow and replace its exoskeleton (a process known as moulting). • In many species, there are other physical changes that also occur as the insect gets older (e.g., growth of wings and development of external genitalia)