Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting of data. This definition clearly points out four stages in a statistical investigation, namely: Collection of data, Organization and Presentation of data, Analysis of data & Interpretation of data.

It examines how psychological principles apply to education. It focuses on understanding how learners acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, and how teachers can create effective learning environments.

This subject focuses on the processes involved in planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating educational programs. It examines the principles, models, and factors that influence curriculum design, as well as the roles of teachers, learners, and other stakeholders in shaping effective learning experiences

Discourse can be defined as a verbal expression in speech or writing, verbal exchange or conversation or a formal, lengthy discussion of a subject, either written or spoken. Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, vocal, or sign language use or any significant semiotic event.

The term taxonomy is used when referring specifically to the process of naming. Nomenclature refers to the actual names or word structure used in names. The naming system, or classification system, employed in biology involves a series of categories in a hierarchy so that each level includes several sublevels.

The BED1201: Introduction to Macroeconomics notes are comprehensive instructional materials prepared for undergraduate students in the Department of Economics and Development Studies at Mount Kenya University. They introduce learners to the core principles of macroeconomics, covering topics such as national income accounting, money and banking, public finance, inflation, and international trade and finance. The notes explain key theories—including the Keynesian consumption function, multiplier and accelerator principles, IS–LM model, and comparative advantage—and show how these concepts apply to real-world economic systems. Each chapter provides clear definitions, step-by-step explanations, and worked examples, followed by review questions for practice. The material also includes sample examination papers and recommended texts for further reading. Overall, these notes are designed to give students a solid foundation in macroeconomic analysis, equipping them with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills for understanding national and global economic activities.