This unit surveys and analyses government and politics in Africa with an emphasis on the post-independence period. However, the situation in the pre-colonial and colonial periods is first considered in order to provide the foundation upon which subsequent analysis is based

At the very beginning, knowledge was studied under the general framework of Philosophy. There were no branches or divisions like Science or Arts. In fact the Greek meaning of the word Philosophy is made up of the words: “Philos” meaning “To love” “Sophis” meaning “Wisdom” Thus, a philosopher is a person who loves wisdom.

Record keeping: Ledger, income statement, balance sheet, assets and liabilities, analysis of simple financial statements; Interest: simple and compound interests, calculation of discounts and commissions, depreciation, future value of an investment (FV), annuities; Budgeting: personal and simple budgets, financial projections, simple investment analysis, cost of capital, working capital expenditure, balance of payments, balance of trade, Gross national product (GNP), Gross domestic product (GDP); Index numbers; meaning of index number, price relative index, types of index numbers, calculation of index numbers, uses of index numbers; Taxation: purpose, types of taxes, calculation of personal income tax,. Value added tax (VAT), Stock exchange: shares, bond, stock market, share valuation.

Auditing is the independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, and irrespective of its size or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with a view to expressing an opinion thereon.

Commerce is study related to distribution of products from the producer (point of production) to the consumer (point of consumption).

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to purchasing and supply management concepts and techniques necessary to perform the purchasing function of an organization.

The International Marketing Entry Evaluation Process is a five stage process, and its purpose is to gauge which international market or markets offer the best opportunities for our products or services to succeed.

Social policy is an activity that tries to formulate, implement a solution to solve social problem. The propose of teaching their subject is to equip trainees with knowledge, skills and attitude to enable them understand know how social policies are made and administered for one achievement of goal, it also help to examine organization structure and involve themselves in implementing policy into programme and access their effectiveness.

While the law is indeed complex, certain basic principles and procedures can be established that will minimize a manager’s chances of encountering legal difficulty. Law affects every aspect of our lives. Law governs our conduct form the cradle to the grave. In fact, the influence of law extends form even before our birth and after our death.

This course explains the meaning of organizational communication and show its importance in the success of organizations. we also identify and discuss the various types of communications in organizations as well as communication problems in organizations