Sociology is the systematic study of social groups and their influences on human behaviour. Human beings are social by nature. They form groups to meet their needs and pursue their interests. This social dimension is the focus of sociology. Groups range from intimate type, such as two lovers to the largest most inclusive group, which is called society. Sociology concerns itself with the nature of these groups and their impact upon each other and on the individuals that comprise them.

Sociology of religion is the scientific study of the ways in which culture, society and class relationships affect religion and the ways in which religion affects individuals and the social structure.

The discipline of sociology is founded on a trinity of three main pillars: social structure, social research methods and social theory. You may like to think of the discipline of sociology as a traditional African stool that stands on three legs: social structure, social research methods and social theory. Having been introduced to the discipline of sociology last semester, this course exposes you to the first pillar: social structure. As you go on with your courses in sociology you will encounter the other two pillars: social research methods and social theory. To put them in perspective: Social theory attempts to explain why things happen and how they happen. It also attempts to predict social phenomena. Social research methods deal with how sociologists come to know what they know about society and the tools that they use to test the validity of some of the predictions made by theory. Social structure attempts to explain and describe the reality of how society is constructed.

Somo hili linatoa utangulizi wa chombo hiki cha binadamu kinachoitwa lugha. kwa muda mrefu binadamu amejaribu kuelewa lugha bila mafanikio makubwa hadi mikabala ya kisayansi ilipoanza .

HELMINTHIC INFECTION 1 NEMATODES (ROUND WORMS) 2 CESTODES (TAPE WORMS) 3 TREMATODES (FLUKES)

DISEASES OF ARTERIES 1. Anatomy of blood vessels 2. Arteriosclerosis 3. Atherosclerosis 4. Aneurysms 5. Vasculitis

Is one of the most frequently maternal morbility and mortality. Black women's are 3 time as likely to die from preeclampsia as white women Remains among the most significant and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics. Majority of preeclampsia in nulliparous patients (2 to 5 %) Increased mortality risk in older gravidas Increased risk in first pregnancy with new partner Preeclampsia is a leading cause of direct maternal mortality

Normal labour: defined as regular painful uterine contractions which becomes progressively stronger and more frequent accompanied by the effacement and progressive dilatation of the cervix and the descent of the presenting part of the fetus. The labor is divided into 3 stages. The mechanism of labour is explained by the change in the position and the attitude of the fetus, as the fetus initiates its way through the pelvis (birth canal). Mechanism includes: 1) Engagement 2) Descent 3) Flexion 4) Internal rotation 5) Extension 6) Restitution 7) External rotation

Anatomy of the pelvis and fetal skull should be understood in the context of what happens during labour

Birth Asphyxia-defined as the inability to initiate respiration WHO defined birth asphyxia as failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth and based on APGAR Score, as an APGAR Score of 7 at 1 minute