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CIS 403: SOCIAL COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS
| Institution | UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI |
| Course | BACHELOR OF INFORMAT... |
| Year | 4th Year |
| Semester | Unknown |
| Posted By | stephen oyake rabilo |
| File Type | |
| Pages | 10 Pages |
| File Size | 399.12 KB |
| Views | 3027 |
| Downloads | 0 |
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Description
Social computing and informatics brings together people, technology, information and innovation. People, organizations, industries and communities interact, connect and collaborate in social context. Digital systems support online research, education, health, communication and entertainment. Organizations harness the power of social computing and informatics to enhance business transactions and boost reputation. Amazon applies social computing to engage and captivate customers, boasting impressive 27.8 million Facebook page likes and 2.7 million followers. Amazon promptly and directly responds to the customers on Facebook, swiftly addressing all comments and ensuring that clients are well satisfied with the services. Due to comprehensive collection of feedback and reviews from the previous customers, effectively demonstrating the excellence of its products and services, most people trust Amazon. Hence, without digital systems and connections to the Internet nothing can be achieved. Bachelor of Information Science (BIS) level four or fourth year consists of 10 core course units or subjects, with 5 course units per semester. BIS CIS 403: Social Computing and Informatics explores human-computer/human-machine/human-machine product interactions and its impact in the society.
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Reactions of Alkyl halides
In this type of reaction, a nucleophile reacts with haloalkane (the substrate) having a
partial positive charge on the carbon atom bonded to halogen. A substitution reaction takes place and halogen atom, called leaving group departs as halide ion. Since the substitution reaction is initiated by a nucleophile, it is called nucleophilic substitution reaction
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Substitution and Elimination Electron Flow Pathway
Path Limitations
There are three requirements for the S N 2 reaction.
In order to be pushed out, the leaving group must be at least fair, usually good. The nucleophile also must be reactive enough to push out the leaving group.
Finally, the back side of the tetrahedral carbon attacked must be
accessible to the nucleophile and not blocked by other groups.
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The SN2 reaction
The hydroxide ion is a good nucleophile since the oxygen atom has a negative charge and a pair of unshared electrons.
The carbon atom is electrophilic since it is bound to a (more electronegative)
halogen, which pulls electron density away from the carbon, thus polarizing the
bond with carbon bearing partial positive charge and the halogen bearing partial negative charge.
The nucleophile is attracted to the electrophile by electrostatic charges.
The nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon through donation of 2 electrons. Carbon can only have a maximum of 8 valence electrons, so as the carbon nucleophile bond is forming, then the carbon-leaving group bond must be breaking. Iodide is the leaving group since it leaves with the pair of electrons that once bound it to carbon.
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