SOIL is a naturally occurring unconsolidated material on the earth surface that has been influenced by parent material, climate, organisms and relief, all acting over a period of time to produce a soil that may differ from the material from which it was derived from in terms of physical, chemical, mineralogical, biological and morphological properties. Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and mechanical processes that include weathering, erosion and precipitation. Soil is altered from its parent rock due to interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the biosphere Soil therefore is a dynamic and complex media developing under the influence of external factors i.e hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air) and biosphere (flora and fauna). Soil science. Is the study of properties and reactions of soils and materials, its relationship with man and how it can be used in the benefit of man.