On a female dominated profession such as nursing motherhood is still associated with limited opportunities of career development. While many studies were done to study work life balance of professional mothers in Kenya less attention was given for studying the career path of nurse mothers and the effect of motherhood associated factors on career development of nurses. Thus the purpose of this paper is to study the effect of motherhood on career development of nurse professional mothers. This paper used a quantitative approach and employed explanatory cross sectional design. The study was carried out in two out of six hospitals under Kisii County Health bureau with a sample size of 200. Structured questionnaire (in Amharic and English) was used to collect data. Out of the administered 200 questionnaires 200 was returned with a response rate of 100%. Descriptive analytics was done to determine frequency of variables and binary logistic regression was done to determine the magnitude and scale of significance of associated variables. Socio demographic factors (Age and Dependent children), Work family factors (Work life balance and Career break) and Organizational Factors (Organizational policies and Practices and Supervisor support) was considered potential factors which has an effect on career development of nurse professional mothers. The results indicate that more than half of the nurse professional mothers have career development. The study also revealed that only work life balance was a significant predictor of career development of nurse professional mothers.

The study was undertaken to find out the effects of the economic environment in Nyamache Sub- County of Kisii County and its impact on school attendance and the possible mechanisms that could be put in place to improve regular school attendance. The sample of the study consisted of students who obtained less than 30% of attendance, parents of such children and teachers and head teachers in the selected school. Two principal research instruments were used. These were interview schedule for students and their parents, and questionnaire for the teachers and head teachers. The study brought to light these major findings: Children who engaged in the economic activities especially the craft activities recorded low school attendance. Surprisingly, the study revealed that a substantial proportion of children stayed with their mothers only, hence the ease with which they play truant at school. It was also noticed that, boys out numbered the girls in the case of absenteeism, because most of the economic activities they engage in are the crafts which in most cases are the preserve of men or boys. Poverty was also a hindrance to regular school attendance, as most of the children use the money they got from their engagement in the economic activities to supplement their family income. To improve attendance the under listed strategies could adopt: Adaption of craft activities as an integral part of the curriculum counselors to move round and talk to parents on the importance of formal education.

The study was undertaken to find out the effects of the economic environment in Nyamache Sub- County of Kisii County and its impact on school attendance and the possible mechanisms that could be put in place to improve regular school attendance. The sample of the study consisted of students who obtained less than 30% of attendance, parents of such children and teachers and head teachers in the selected school. Two principal research instruments were used. These were interview schedule for students and their parents, and questionnaire for the teachers and head teachers. The study brought to light these major findings: Children who engaged in the economic activities especially the craft activities recorded low school attendance. Surprisingly, the study revealed that a substantial proportion of children stayed with their mothers only, hence the ease with which they play truant at school. It was also noticed that, boys out numbered the girls in the case of absenteeism, because most of the economic activities they engage in are the crafts which in most cases are the preserve of men or boys. Poverty was also a hindrance to regular school attendance, as most of the children use the money they got from their engagement in the economic activities to supplement their family income. To improve attendance the under listed strategies could adopt: Adaption of craft activities as an integral part of the curriculum counselors to move round and talk to parents on the importance of formal education.

The study sought to assess the nature of armed conflict sexual violence trauma, social and economic strain experienced by girls and women in conflict of Tigray, northern region of Ethiopia. Both qualitative and quantitative (mixed - convergent parallel) research approaches were applied. Descriptive research design was adopted to analyze the qualitative data regarding the nature of their traumas due to the gang rape by armed groups. While, the quantitative data were used for identifying the nature of the psychological post-traumatic outcomes (post traumatic growth or post traumatic stress disorder) and level of social acceptance of the society based on survivor’s perception. A sample of 50 respondents, of which 23 girls and 27 women survivors participated in the survey. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data while, among them, 14 respondents were selected purposively to conduct the in-depth interview to collect the qualitative data. The analysis focused on the traumas in terms of physical, psychological, social stigma and social acceptance of sexual violence along with economic strain and humanitarian aid intervention by different stakeholders. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the primary data with the help of SPSS 22.0. The results of the findings revealed that the survivors experienced a life-threatening physical abuse by armed groups results in raptured anal and genital organs, pelvic pain, fistula, bleeding, and sexual transmitted diseases including HIV and Hepatitis. The majority of the respondents also suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder as they were facing ethnic slur as well as exposed to atrocity committed on their families, friends and relatives. Nonetheless, some have developed positive posttraumatic growth emanated from their personal strength and religious believes. Despite the occurrence of frequent and perpetuated sexual violence against civilians during the conflict, the victims were still suffered from high social stigma. However, they admitted they have seen social acknowledgement towards the sexual violence. The economic strain of the victims was also aggravated due to lack of sufficient humanitarian aid intervention. It can be concluded that the sexual violence traumas of the survivors of conflict in Tigray were brutal atrocity against humanity. Mobile and outreach medical services with sufficient supply logistics are required for immediate relief of basic necessities.

This research paper explores challenges of obstetric fistula with the aim of assessing the lived experiences, challenges and solutions of women survived from obstetric fistula at Hamelin Hospital. The study was undertaken utilizing an in-depth interview and eight participants were purposely selected and 5 participants were interviewed as data saturation reached on the 5th participant. Methodologically the research study is used Qualitative research method and case study. In-depth interview used as a main tool to capture qualitative data. Open-code categorization and content analysis is used for analyzing data. The key findings of the research indicate that first; the participant’s sexuality and sexual experiences before marriage in that they denied having any intimate relationship or sexual interaction before marriage and stated that their parents or caretakers forced into marriage without their consent at early age. Second; Life, challenges and cope-up mechanism after developing fistula they faced many challenges medical and psychosocial. Their coping mechanisms was staying at home and isolating self. Third, perspectives about the future life and how do they shape it they were optimistic about their future after their repair. Fourth, predictions on fistula treatment and rehabilitation services participants were very satisfied by the treatment and very happy about the rehabilitation program. The interventions designed and implemented to understand effects of obstetric fistula and what impact it has in their psychosocial and economic situations, identifying areas of potential concern for supporting and the intervention activities. It helps to develop mechanisms that enable to explore and build up the strength of individuals and communities, which would ultimately help to prevent and manage obstetric fistula

The study conducted titled, contribution of Harambee Youth Employment Accelerators to employment opportunities of youth in Kenya. A case of Harambee (2018 -2023). The study’s objective were to analyze the level of youth participation in Harambee youth employment accelerators, to examine the extent to which Harambee youth employment accelerators contribute to Kenyan youth employment, to identify the challenges that Harambee youth employment acceleratorsface in achieving their objectives effectively and to develop effective strategies to overcome the challenges encountered by Harambee youth employment accelerators. In conducting the study, the researcher employed a mixture of qualitative and qualitative research design. Interview, questionnaire, and documentation were used in data collection, simple random sampling technique were used in sampling while descriptive statistics analysis were used in data analysis. The study finds that Harambee employment accelerators provides access to mentorship and coaching and increase the confidence and self-esteem of participants and improve chance of getting job and help to connect with job opportunities. And the study finds the challeges faced by Harambee are lack of sufficient funds, and struggle to reach and engage with marginalized youth effectively. The study recommends that Harambee should embrace the technology and online training and reach more to the margninalized community in rural areas.

Globally true magnitude of child sexual abuse is hidden because of its sensitive and illegal nature. Most children and families do not report cases of abuse and exploitation because of stigma, fear and lack of trust in the authorities. This study aims at establishing the effect of child sexual abuse on school performance among secondary school students in Mavoko Sub County, Machakos County. The objectives of this study were to examine the forms of CSA, the effect of CSA on school performance, social behaviour of CSA and school retention rate of CSA. The study was based on the descriptive-survey design. The target population was 3486 form three students divided into 14 strata that is corresponding to each of the 14 public secondary schools. Only 10% of students in form three (3) per school were targeted and to make a sample size be 84. The data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and interviews to school’s principals which were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics such as: frequencies, percentages and means were calculated. Inferential statistics such as (Multiple Regression Analysis) were used to test the relationships between the independent (academic performance, social behaviour performance and school retention) and the dependent variables (forms of sexual abuse). The findings of the study show that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of sexual abuse and the practice of various forms of sexual abuse (r=0.872, p<0.05). The most common forms of sexual abuse were verbal sexual abuse, involuntary kissing, or being sexually touched. There were also cases of attempted oral, anal or vaginal penetration. Further, some students were forced to watch pornographic pictures, drawings, films, videotapes, or magazines The findings also show that there was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and school social behaviour performance (r=0.909, p<0.05). Sexual abuse led to various negative school social behaviours. It meant that some of the students did not trust other people, felt lonely, and experienced stressful inner tension. It also led to mood rapidly changing in terms of anxiety, anger, and depression. There was a significant relationship between sexual abuse and academic performance (r=0.920, p<0.05). Due to sexual abuse, some of the students did not feel interested in classwork and, did not concentrate on class activities. Most of them were also not happy with academic performance and were always absent-minded in class. Pearson correlation analysis also showed a significant relationship between sexual abuse and school retention (r=0.933, p<0.05). Sexual abuse made some students feel that nobody cared about them in school and some decided to drop out. Some felt vulnerable and felt out of place in school. They never felt at ease in school and often decided to drop out. There were instances of students dropping out of school after being sexually abused due to pregnancy, stigma, early marriages, and stigma among others. The study recommends the need to put in place measures aimed at educating students on some of the disregarded forms of sexual abuse. The school administration should promptly identify and curb the tolerance of some of these forms of abuse among students. Counselling measures should be enhanced to check the negative psychological effects of child sexual abuse such as negative school social behaviour. Students who were victims of sexual abuse should be encouraged to remain in school.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alcoholism on the youths of Roka location, in Kilifi County. The study was guided by the research objectives which were; to identify the causes of alcoholism among the youths, to analyze the effects of alcoholism among the youths, to find out the measures that can be initiated to deal with the problem of alcoholism among the youths. The study will be of great significance as the effort to address alcoholism is the key for the community development. The study will cover all youths of Roka location and the information that will be acquired will facilitate the understanding of the causes of alcoholism. The study involved the literature review that showed the patterns of alcoholism in the World, in Africa and in Kenya. The theories that spearheaded the issue of alcoholism like; the Deviant and SocialDisorganization perspectives were also used. The study site was Roka location in Kilifi County and the adopted research design was the descriptive survey. Forty (40) respondents and ten (10) key informants were used for the study. The provision of information was through the Questionnaire and Interview methods. The research found that the factors leading to excessive alcohol consumption among the youths in the study area included; peer influence, unemployment, desire to reduce stress, and media influence. The effects of alcohol consumption to the youths according to the study findings were; school dropout, increased thefts, loss of jobs, committing suicide, wastage of money, increased stress, poor coordination, slurred speech, destruction of reproductive system, damage of; the brain, liver, kidney, and breast, contraction of HIV, and death. In relation to the measures used to address the problems of alcoholism, the research established that, both the Community and the Government measures were employed. In conclusion, the research pointed out that, excessive alcohol consumption has more negative effects as compared to the positive effects. Due to this therefore, the research spearheaded on the issue of exerting more efforts by the Community members and the Government. Apart from the efforts made by the community members and the Government, the research recommended that the County Government of Kilifi and the National Government should come up with policies to establish more Agricultural projects that could employ youths, train the village elders and the chiefs on the best ways of dealing with alcoholism, and also to come up with more rehabilitation centers. The roles of rehabilitation centers in dealing with excessive alcohol consumption are to be considered for further attitudes.

The document provides an overview of community nutrition, emphasizing its principles and the importance of improving health and well-being through effective food systems and nutritional education. It covers key concepts such as nutrition definitions, types of nutrients, food classification, nutritional disorders, and the causes and types of malnutrition. Additionally, it highlights frameworks for understanding malnutrition's multifaceted causes and suggests approaches for prevention and improvement.

This document provides an overview of a module on community health system management. The 50-hour, 5-credit module aims to demonstrate an understanding of the Kenyan health system. It covers concepts in health systems and building blocks, the healthcare system in Kenya, and health and development strategies. The module contains 4 units that cover these topics through both theory and practical lessons. Key concepts covered include components and frameworks of health systems, building blocks like service delivery and financing, and the Kenyan system in relation to its constitution and strategic plans.