Learning objectives Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Explain how fluid balance is maintained across the arteriolar & venular end of the vasculature by Starling forces 2. Know the pathologic conditions occurring when the balance between the above forces is disrupted across the vascular wall under different conditions, i.e., edema 3. Understand and explain the cause and pathogenesis of clinical conditions like myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, etc.…. 4. Know the pathogenesis of edema of congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, and other clinical conditions 5. Have the basic knowledge about various types of shock, their pathogenesis, manifestations, and complications