This is the first of three chapters on court and legal reporting. In this chapter we consider why it is important for court cases to be reported, and how to do it safely and properly. In the next chapter we look at how to write reports that are accurate, fair and interesting. In the final chapter we follow a legal case through from beginning to end.

The word corruption is derived from Latin word “corruptus” meaning “to break”

In this chapter, we discuss the challenge facing journalists in reporting science and technology. We advise on the ways of preparing yourself and of using experts to make your task easier. In the following chapter we discuss ways of writing bright, interesting stories and conclude with some solutions to common problem areas.

These are notes, and not a textbook; they correspond quite closely to what is actually said and discussed in class. The intention is for you to use them instead of an expensive textbook, but in order to do this successfully, you will have to treat them differently.

A centrifuge of some kind is found in every biochemistry laboratory. Centrifuges have many applications, but they are used primarily for the preparation of biological samples and for the analysis of the physical properties of biomolecules, organelles, and cells. Centrifugation is carried out by spinning a biological sample at a high rate of speed, thus subjecting it to an intense force (artificial gravitational field). Most centrifuge techniques fit into one of two categories: preparative centrifugation or analytical centrifugation.

Communication skills discipline is extremely important to a social work trainee as it will equip him or her with the necessary knowledge skills and attitude that will get him or her to communicate effectively on a day to day life.

This course explores the salient characteristics (thematic and formal) of the African novel. Covering diverse regions of the African continent, the course traces the development of the African novel from the pre-colonial, through the colonial, up to the postcolonial periods and seeks to interrogate how this form of artistic expression mirrors the social dynamism of the continent. To ground this in the practical sense, the course examines selected representative works from across the continent.

Management is a purposive activity. It is something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain pre-determined goals. It is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world.

Purpose of the course: To prepare students for such aspects of law as will touch their business operations so that they can play a practical role in the field of commercial enterprise in the community and nation as a whole.

This is the production of documents such as books, magazines, brochures and manuals by the use of a computer system. Text and graphics are combined with the use of special software and output of high-resolution devices.

The word communication is derived from Latin words communis and communicare. Communis is a noun word, which means common, communiality or sharing. Communicare is a verb, which means 'make something common’

Communication noise is the interference with the message sent over a channel to the receiver. Noises interfere with effective communication process between senders and receivers.

Judicial authority is derived from the people and vests in, and shall be exercised by, the courts and tribunals established by or under this Constitution. In exercising judicial authority, the courts and tribunals shall be guided by the following principles.

Conveyancing is generally understood as the transfer of estates and interests in land by legal process. Hence Abbey Robert and Richards Mark rightly consider conveyancing as ‘the process by which legal title to property is transferred.’

What is bail? What is the difference between bail and bond? What is the relevance of bail and/bond? How do you administer this tool?

Transfer of cases deals with the shifting of a case from one court to another or from one magistrate to another. The main reason for the provisions on the transfer of cases in the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 75, Laws of Kenya) (the “CPC”) from one court to another are aimed at securing public confidence in the independence and integrity of the court and meeting the ends of justice .

Sections 78-81 of the CPC makes provision for the transfer of cases from one court to another – these powers are exercised by the High court of magistrate of first class jurisdiction.

It is the duty of the prosecution to prove a case beyond any reasonable doubt the burden of proof in criminal cases lies entirely with the prosecution it is therefore be vital for them to prepare their files well before hand. Further, the defence will be seeking to counter the prosecution and therefore both need to have adequate preparation of files to win their case.

Courtroom etiquette is also good ethical conduct. Etiquette is essential for making a good impression. This is especially true for the courtroom advocate and attendees. Over the centuries, the English court system established numerous customs. These customs are not arbitrary and can be summed up into one simple point: Consideration and reverence for the welfares and concerns of all parties

A trial advocate owes certain duties to the persons they interact with in the course of the trial, i.e. the client, the court etc.