This module is organized around thirteen major topics. We will first introduce you to the sources of variation which have precipitated the different varieties of English and explain the three major levels of language variation: phonological, lexical and morpho- syntactic. We will then examine the notion of language standardization and discuss different approaches that have been used in classifying the World Englishes.

There are two types of civil wrongs, and we looked at the first of these - i.e. those arising from a breach of contract. The second type of civil wrong arises from the breach of a duty fixed by law, and owed to people generally and is called a “Tort”.

The Mail Merge feature of Microsoft Word is a great way to produce a large number of personalized letters or labels in a short amount of time. The process can seem daunting to a beginner, but if you break it down into a series of steps, is very easy to manage.

Human interactions in the social sphere is bound to create conflicts of interest leading to injury or losses to other people – road use; use of buildings; seeking professional help, sports etc. When these injuries occur, society should have a mechanism of apportioning blame and ensuring reparations. The law of tort is one such mechanism that has been developed by society to apportion responsibility for losses that occur in society.

The backstage view helps for creating new documents, saving and opening documents etc.

A word processor is a program designed for creating and editing business and personal documents that are primarily text-based. Most modern word processors enable you to customize fonts and formatting - and they often include images and other multimedia files - such as videos and audio clips.

HTML represents the standard markup language for creating web pages online. It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

This tip describes how to use conditional formatting for comfortable viewing results in the worksheet.

If you create a custom list in Excel, you can easily fill a range with your own list of departments, clients, cities, credit card numbers, etc. This can save time and reduce errors

The ribbon provides shortcuts to commands in Excel. A command is an action that the user performs. An example of a command is creating a new document, printing a documenting, etc.

All forms of pay or reward going to employees and arising from their employment. It is all form of financial return and tangible benefit that employees receive as part of employment relationship

Employee health and safety Employee safety Deal with safety hazards aspects of work environment that have the potential of causing immediate and sometimes violent harm or even death Examples of safety hazards include: poorly maintained equipment Unsafe machinery Exposure to hazardous chemical Employees health Employee health ensures that employees are physically, emotionally and psychologically fit to do work

A continuous relationship between a defined group of employees (represented by a union or association) and an employer. The relationship includes: The initial recognition of the rights and responsibilities of union and management The negotiations of a written contract concerning wages, hour and other conditions of employment and the interpretation and administration of this contract over its period of coverage.

Continuing technological innovation and competition among existing banking organizations and new entrants have allowed for a much wider array of banking products and services to become accessible and delivered to retail and wholesale customers through an electronic distribution channel collectively referred to as e-banking. However, the rapid development of e-banking capabilities carries risks as well as benefits. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision expects such risks to be recognised, addressed and managed by banking institutions in a prudent manner according to the fundamental characteristics and challenges of e-banking services. These characteristics include the unprecedented speed of change related to technological and customer service innovation, the ubiquitous and global nature of open electronic networks, the integration of ebanking applications with legacy computer systems and the increasing dependence of banks on third parties that provide the necessary information technology. While not creating inherently new risks, the Committee noted that these characteristics increased and modified some of the traditional risks associated with banking activities, in particular strategic, operational, legal and reputational risks, thereby influencing the overall risk profile of banking.

Welcome to Communication Skills! All human relations, be it formal or non-formal, official or unofficial are created, developed and sustained through com- munication. As such it is not only important to carry out communication as a means to facilitating these relationships but to acquire it as an essential skill of life. This basically underlines the necessity of the study of this unit as a whole.

In this note, we shall examine the field of communication to serve as a foundation to what follows in the course. Principally, we shall define communication; outline its elements, principles and its importance in academic and life in general. We shall also briefly examine the various types of communication.

Welcome to Communication Skills! All human relations, be it formal or non-formal, official or unofficial are created, developed and sustained through communication. As such it is not only important to carry out communication as a means to facilitating these relationships but to acquire it as an essential skill of life.

There are two forms of communication, namely verbal and non-verbal. Communication by the spoken or written word, as we all may have noticed in our lives, is the most familiar and consciously acclaimed type of communication.

The flow of information in an organisation is governed by its structure. In simple terms, organisational structure refers to the manner in which staff are arranged into departments and/or sections that handle different yet correlated tasks in the organisation.

Hearing- reception of sound. Sound strikes the eardrum causing vibrations. Passive activity. Listening- Hearing and interpreting sounds with an aim to understand the meaning behind the sounds. Active activity.